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^ 




OSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



I. A GLANCE AT ITS HISTOEY. 

BOSTON was originally "by the Indians called Shawmutt," 
but the colonists of 1630, wandering southward from their land- 
ing-place at Salem, named it Trimountaine. Charlestown, which 
was occupied by them in July, 1630, was speedily abandoned because 
there was found no good spring of water, and the peninsula close 
by having been bought of its sole inhabitant, the settlement was 
transferred thither on the 7tli of September, 0. S. (17th N. S.). 
On the same day the court held at Charlestown ordered that Trimountaine be called 
Boston. This name was given to it in memory of Boston in Old England, from 
which many of the colonists had emigrated, and which was the former home of 
Mr. Isaac Johnson, next to Governor Winthrop the most important man among 
the band of emigrants. The name of Trimountaine, which has been transformed 
into Tremont, was peculiarly appropriate. As seen from Charlestown, the peninsula 
seemed to consist of three high hills, 

afterwards named Copp's, Beacon, and - - -J ^^ 

Fort. And the highest of the three was - jgs^, 

itself a trimountain, having three sharp - ~ 

little peaks. It seems to be agreed that 
this peculiarity of Beacon Hill was what 
gave to the place its ancient name. 

The iirst settler in Boston was Mr. 
"William Blaxton, or Blackstone, who 
had lived here several years when the 
Massachusetts Colony was formed. Soon 
after selling the land to the new company 
of immigrants, he withdrew to the place 
which now bears his name, the town of Blackstone, on the border of Rhode Island. 




m^ 



MR. BLACKSTONE S HOUSE. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the years 1872 and 1875, by James R. Osoood & Co., 
in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston was selected as the centre and metropolis of the Massachusetts Colony. 
The nucleus of the Colony was large, and the several towns lying along the coast 
were, considering the circumstances, rapidly settled. During the year 1630 as many 
as iifteen hundred persons came from England. In ten years not less than twen- 
ty thousand had 
been brought 
over. The records 
show that in 1639 
there was a mus- 
ter in Boston of 
the militia of the 
Colony to the num- 
ber of a thousand 
able - bodied and 
well - armed men. 
It is impossible to 
learn accurately 
the population of 
Boston at any time 
during the iirst 
century after its 
settlement, since 
no enumeration 
was made ; but 
there is authority 
for the statement 
that in 1674 there 
were about fifteen 
hundred families 
in the town, and 
the population of 
New England was 
then reckoned at 
one hundred and 
twenty thousand. 
The early histo- 
ry of Boston has 
been an almost in- 
exhaustible field 
for the researches 
of local antiqua- 
ries. Considering that almost three quarters of a century elapsed before the first 
newspaper was printed, the materials for making a complete account of the events 
that occurred, and for forming a correct estimate of the habits and mode of life 
of the people, are remarkably abundant. The records have been searched to good 
purpose. Still it is to visitors that we are indebted for some of the most quaint 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 3 

and interesting pictures of early New England life. An English traveller, named 
Edward "Ward, published in London in 1699 an account of his trip to New 
England, in which he describes the customs of Bostonians in a lively manner, and 
perhaps with a degree of truthfulness, though some parts of the story are evidently 
exaggerated, Mr. Ward thought it a great hardship that "Kissing a Woman in 
Public, tho' offer'd as a Courteous Salutation," should be visited with the heavy 
punishment of whipping for both the offenders. There were even then " stately 
Edifices, some of which have cost the owners two or three Thousand Pounds sterling," 
and this fact Mr. Ward rather illogically conceived to prove the truth of two old 
adages, " That a Fool and his Money is soon parted ; and. Set a Beggar on Horseback 
he '11 ride to the Devil ; for the Fathers of these Men were Tinkers and Peddlers." He 
seemed to have a very low opinion of the religious and moral character of the people. 
Mr. Daniel Neal, who wrote a book a few years later, found " the conversation in this 
town as polite as in most of the cities and towns in England," and he describes the 
houses, furniture, tables, and dress as being quite as splendid and showy as those of 
the most considerable tradesmen in London. 

But while we find such abundant means of judging the people of Boston, hardly a 
vestige of the town as it appeared to the earliest settlers remains. We have, it is 
true, in a good state of preservation still, the three most ancient burial-grounds of 
the town ; half a dozen very old trees remain ; about as many buildings. Some of the 
narrow and crooked streets at the North End have retained their early devious course, 
but generally appear upon the map under changed names. Nothing else of Boston 
in its first century is preserved. The face of the country has been completely trans- 
formed. The hills have been cut down, and the flats surrounding the peninsula have 
been filled so that it is a peninsula no longer. Place side by side a map of Boston 
as it appeared in 1722, and the latest map, and any resemblance between them can 
hardly be traced. The old water line has disappeared completely. On the east, the 
west, and the south, nearly a thousand acres once covered by the tide have been re- 
claimed, and are now covered with streets, dwellings, and warehouses. 

It would be interesting to dwell upon the early history of Boston, and to discover 
indications of the gi-adual formation of the New England character, but all this ' 
curious study must be left to the historian. A few facts and dates only can find a 
place here. Boston was from the first a commercial town. Less than a year had 
elapsed since the settlement of the town when the first vessel built in the colony was 
launched. We may infer something in regard to the activity of the foreign and 
coasting trade from the statement of Mr. Neal, before referred to, that "the masts 
of ships here, and at proper seasons of the year, make a kind of wood of trees like 
that we see upon the river of Thames about Wapping and Limehouse" ; and the same 
author says that twenty-four thousand tons of shipping were at that time, 1719, 
cleared annually from the port of Boston. It was not until four years after the 
settlement of the town that a shop was erected separate from the dwelling of the 
proprietor. In these early days the merchants of Boston met with many reverses, 
and wealth was acquired but slowly in New England generally. Nevertheless, the 
town was on the whole prosperous. In 1741 there were forty vessels upon the stocks 
at one time in Boston, showing that a quick demand for shipping existed at that 
period. At the close of the seventeenth century, Boston was probably the largest 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




FIRST CHURCH IN BOSTON. 



and wealthiest town in America, and it has ever since retained its rank among the 
very first towns on the continent. 

The colonists brought their minister with them, — the Kev. John "Wilson, who 
V'as ordained pastor of the church in Charlestown, and afterwards of the church in 

Boston. But the meeting-house was not 
^ built until 1632. This building was 
very small and very plain, within and 
without. It is believed to have stood 
nearly on the spot where Brazer's Build- 
ing now stands, near the Old State 
House, in State Street. In 1640 the 
same society occupied a new, much larger 
and finer building, which stood on the 
site now occupied by Joy's Building on 
"Washington Street. This second edifice 
stood seventy-one years, and was destroyed by fire in 1711. The "First 
Church " removed a few years ago from Chauncy Street to its present very elegant 
church building on Berkeley Street. Several other churches were established very 
soon after the "First," and there are now in existence as many as nine church 
organizations dating back to the first hundred years after the place was settled. The 
fathers of the town were sternly religious, 
outwardly at all events. The evidences are 
abundant that they were also zealous for 
education. The influence of Harvard Col- 
lege, in Cambridge, was strong upon Bos- 
ton from the first ; but a public school had 
been voted by the town in 1635, three years 
before Harvard was founded. "We have seen i 
the testimony of an Englishman as to the 
polished manners, intelligence, and educa- 
tion of the inhabitants of Boston, and this I 
evidence is confirmed by our own records | 
and by the long line of eminent clergy- 
men, writers, and orators born in the town. 

It was here that the first newspaper ; 
ever published on the American continent, 
the "Boston News Letter," appeared on 
the 24th of April, 1704. Two years later 
the first great New England journalist, and afterwards a philosopher, statesman, 
and diplomatist, was born in a little house that stood near the head of Milk Street, 
and that is still remembered by some of the oldest citizens of Boston. It was 
destroyed by fire at the close of the year 1811, after having stood almost a hundred 
and twenty years. The office of the "Boston Post" now covers the spot. 

The history of the thirty years preceding the Revolution is full of incidents show- 
ing the independent spirit of the inhabitants of Boston, their determination not to 
submit to the unwarrantable interference of the British government in their affairs 




BIRTHPLACE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



and particularly to the unjust taxation imposed upon the Colonies, and their willing- 
ness to incur any risks rather than yield to oppression. As early as 1747 there was 
a great riot in Boston, caused by the aggression of British naval officers. Commodore 
Knowlcs, being short of men, had impressed sailors in the streets of Boston. The 
people made reprisals by seizing some British officers, and holding them as hostages for 
the return of their fellow-citizens. The excitement was very great, but the affair ter- 
minated by the release of tlie impressed men and the naval officers, the first victory 
registered to the account of the resisting colonists. Twenty years later the town was 
greatly agitated over the Stamp Act ; and hardly had the excitement died away when, 
on March 5, 1770, the famous Boston Massacre took place. The story is familiar 
to every school-boy. The affair originated without any special grievance on either 
side, but the whole population took the part of the mob against the soldiers, showing 
what a deep-seated feeling of hostility existed even then. The scene of this massacre 
was the square in King Street, now State Street, below the Old State House. The 
well-known woodcut of the scene shows the 
State House in the background, but in a 
form quite different from the present. This 
building was erected in 1748, on the site 
occupied by the Town House destroyed by 
fire the year previous. It has long been 
given up to business purposes, the interior 
has been completely remodelled, and the 
edifice surmounted by a roof that has wholly 
destroyetl the quaint effect of the original 
architecture. It was in its da)', we are 
assured by history, "an elegant building." 
The accompanying picture shows the Old 
State House in its ancient form. How it 
appears to-day may be seen from the view on another page. The funeral of the 
victims of the massacre was attended by an immense concourse of people from 
all parts of New England, and the impression made by the conflict upon the 
patriotic men of that day did not die out until the war of the Revolution had 
begun. The day was celebrated for several years as a memorable anniversary. 
The newspapers of the day did their full share towards keeping up the excite- 
ment. The "Massachusetts Spy," which began publication in Boston in 1770, was 
one of the most earnest of the patriotic press, and two or three years before the be- 
ginning of the war had, at the head of its columns, an invocation to Liberty, with a 
coarse woodcut of a serpent cut into nine parts, attacked by a dragon. The several 
parts of the serpent were marked "N. E." for New England, "N. Y.," "N. J.," 
and so on, and above this cut was the motto "Join, or Die." 

The destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor was another evidence of the spirit of 
the people. The ships having "the detested tea" on board arrived the last of 
November and the first of December, 1773. Having kept watch over the ships to 
prevent the landing of any of the tea until the 16th of December, and having 
failed to compel the consignees to send the cargoes back to England, the people were 
holding a meeting on the subject on the afternoon of the 16th, when a formal refusal 




THE OLD STATE-HOUSE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



by the Governor of a permit for the vessels to pass the castle without a regular cus- 
tom-house clearance was received. The meeting broke up, and the whole assembly 
followed a party of thirty persons disguised as Indians to Griffin's (now Liverpool) 
Wharf, where the chests were broken open and their contents emptied into the dock. 
The secret of the participators in this atfair has been well kept, and it is doubtful 
if any additional light will ever be thrown upon it. It has been claimed, though on 
very doubtful authority, that the plot was concocted in the quaint old building 
that stood until a few years since on the corner of Dock Square and North (formerly 
^_ ^_ _ _ Ann) Street. This 

"^J^ '^R^B^R =^6_^ 3 building was con- 

^.^^2^" i' s=KB.-=^-===-^._^ ^ structed of rough- 

.;?-.^^5^ ^- cast in the year 

^Sff""" °^ V,^ ^ ■ ?P 1680, after the 

great fire of 1679 ; 
and was until 
1860, when it was 
taken down, one 
of the most curi- 
ous specimens of 
architecture in 
Boston. A cut of 
this old building 
is given, without 
any voucher of the 
tradition that as- 
signs to a certain 
room in it the ori- 
gin of a bold act 
that led to such 
momentous conse- 
quences. 

Tlie people of the town took as pi-oniinent a part in the war when it broke out as 
they had taken in the preceding events. They suffered in their commerce and in 
their property by the enforcement of the Boston Port Act, and by the occupation of 
the town by British soldiers. Their churches and burial-grounds were desecrated by 
the English troops, and annoyances witliout number were put upon them,. but they 
remained steadfast through all. General Washington took command of the Ameri- 
can army July 2, 1775, in Cambridge, but for many months tliere was no favorable 
opportunity for making an attack on Boston. During the winter that followed, the 
people of Boston endured many hardships, but their deliverance was near at hand. 
By a skilful piece of strategy Washington took possession of Dorchester Heights on 
the night of the 4th of March, 1776, where earthworks were immediately thrown up, 
and in the morning the British found their enemy snugly ensconced in a strong 
position both for offence and defence. A fortunate storm prevented the execution of 
General Howe's plan of dislodging the Americans ; and by the 17th of March his 
situation in Boston had become so critical that an instant evacuation of the town 




OLD HOUSE IN DOCK SQUARE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



was imperatively necessary. Before noon of that day the whole British fleet was 
under sail, and General Washington was marching triumphantly into the town. Our 
sketch shows the heights of Dorchester as they appear to-day ; yet it is easy to see 
from it how completely the position commands the harbor. No attempt was made 




VIEW OF DORCHESTER HEIGHTS. 

by the British to repossess the town. At the close of the war Boston was, if not the 
first town in the country in point of population, the most influential, and it entered 
immediately upon a course of prosperity that has continued with very few interrup- 
tions to the present time. 

The first and most serious of these interruptions was that which began with the 
embargo at the close of the year 1807, and which lasted until the peate of 1815. 
Massachusetts owned, at the beginning of that disastrous term of seven years, one 
third of the shipping of the United States. The embargo was a most serious blow 
to her interests. She did not believe in the constitutionality of the act, nor in its 
wisdom. She believed that the real motives which were assigned for its passage 
were not those alleged by the President and the majority in Congress, and this view 
was confirmed by subsequent events. The war that followed she judged to be a 
mistake, and her discontent was aggravated by the usurpations of the general gov- 
ernment. Nevertheless, in response to tlie call for troops she sent more men than any 
other State, and New England furnished more than all the .slave States that were so 
eager in support of the administration. In all the proceedings of those eventful 
years Boston men were leaders. Holding views that were unpopular, and that many 
deemed unpatriotic, they held them with pluck and persistence to the end. 

Again, in the war of the Rebellion, having been one of the foremost communi- 
ties in the opposition to slavery, Boston was again a leader, this time on the popular 



8 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

side. In this war, in which she only took part by furnishing men and means to 
cany it on at a distance, and in supporting it by the cheering and patriotic words 
of those who remained at home, her history is that of Massachusetts. During the 
four years of conflict the city and State responded promptly to every call of every 
nature from the general government, and furnished troops for every department of 
the army, and money in abundance to carry on the war and to relieve suffering in 
the field. Boston alone sent into the army and navy no less than 26,119 men, of 
whom 685 were commissioned officers. 

Boston retained its town government until 1822. The subject of changing to the 
forms of an incorporated city was much discussed as early as 1784, but a vote of the 
town in favor of the change was not carried until January, 1822, when the citizens 
declared, by a majority of about six thousand five hundred out of about fifteen thou- 
sand votes, their preference for a city government. The Legislature passed an act 
incorporating the city in February of the same year, and on the 4th of March the 
charter was formally accepted. The city government, consisting of a mayor, Mr. 
John Phillips, as chief executive officer, and a city council composed of boards of 
eight aldermen and forty-eight common councilmen, was organized on May 1. 

During the last half-century the commercial importance of Boston has experi- 
enced a reasonably steady and constant development ; the greatest check upon her 
prosperity having been the destructive fire of the 9th and 10th of November, 1872. 
Tlie industries of New England have in that time grown to immense proportions, 
and Boston is the natural market and distributing-point for the most of them. The 
increase of population and the still more rapid aggregation of wealth tell the story 
far more eff"ectively than words can do it. In 1790 the population of the town was 
but 18,033. The combined population of the three towns of Boston, Roxbury, 
and Dorchester, at intervals of ten years, is given in the following table : — 

Year. Population. 

1800 30,049 



1810 40,386 

1820 51,117 

1830 70,713 



Year. Population. 

1840 107,347 

1850 163,214 

1860 212,746 

1870 250,526 



The vahiation of real and personal property in the last forty years shows a still 
more marvellous increase. The official returns at intervals of five years show : — 



Year. Valuation. 

1835 $79,302,600 

1840 94,581,600 

1845 135,948,700 

1850 180,000,500 



Year. Valuation. 

1855 $241,932,200 

1860 278,861,000 

1865 371,892,775 

1870 584,089,400 



In 1840 the average amount of property owned by each inhabitant of Boston was 
less than nine hundred dollars, but in 1870 it had increased to an average of more 
than twenty-three hundred dollars. After the annexation to Boston of the city of 
Charlestown and the towns of "West Roxbury and Brighton, the population of the 
united municipality became, by the census of 1870, 292,499. The estimated popula- 
tion, based on the assessors' returns of 1873, was 357,254. The valuation the .same 
year, which was taken before any great recovery had been made from the calamitous 
fire of 1872, was $765,818,713. 



10 - BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The growth of Boston proper has, notwithstanding these very creditable figures, 
been very seriously retarded by the lack of room for expansion. Until the era of rail- 
roads it was impracticable for gentlemen doing business in Boston to live far from 
its corporate limits. Accordingly it was necessary to ' ' make land " by filling the 
flats as soon as the dimensions of the peninsula became too contracted for the 
population and business gathered upon it. Some very old maps show how early 
this enlargement was commenced ; and hardly any two of these ancient charts 
agree. During the present century very gi-eat progress has been made. AH the 
old ponds, coves, and creeks have been filled in, and on the south and south- 
west the connection with the mainland has been so widened that it is now 
as broad as the broadest part of the original peninsula ; and the work is not 
yet finished. In other respects the improvements have been immense. All the 
hills have been cut down, and one of them has been entirely removed. The streets 
which were formerly so narrow and crooked as to give point to the joke that they 
were laid out upon the paths made by the cows in going to pasture, have been 
widened, straightened, and graded. Whole districts covered with buildings of brick 
and stone have been raised, with the structures upon them, many feet. The city 
has extended its authority over the island, once known as Noddle's Island, now East 
Boston, which was almost uninhabited and unimproved until its purchase on specu- 
lation in 1830 ; over South Boston, once Dorchester Neck, annexed to Boston in 
1804 ; and finally, by legislative acts and the consent of the citizens, over the ancient 
municipalities of Roxbury, Dorchester, Charlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton. 
The original limits of Boston comprised but 690 acres. By filling in flats 880 acres 
have been added. By the absorption of South and East Boston and by filling the 
flats surrounding these districts, 1,700 acres more were acquired. Roxbury con- 
tributed 2,100 acres, Dorchester 4,800, Charlestown 600, West Roxbury 8,000, and 
Brighton 3,000. The entire present area of the city is therefore about 21,800 acres, 
— more than thirty times as great as the original area. Meanwhile, the numerous 
railroads radiating from Boston and reaching to almost every village within thirty 
miles, have rendered it possible for business men to make their homes far away from 
their counting-rooms. By this means scores of suburban towns, unequalled in ex- 
tent and beauty by those sun'ounding any other gi-eat city of the country, have been 
built up, and the value of property in all the eastern parts of Massachusetts has been 
very largely enhanced. These towns are most intimately connected with Boston in 
business and social relations, and in a sense form a part of the city. It is this theory 
that has led to the annexation of five suburban municipalities already, and that 
will undoubtedly lead, at no distant day, to the absorption of others of the surround- 
ing cities and towns, in some of which we shall find places and objects to be illus- 
trated and described. 



T\ 






sautrtTBi 



U 



AMERICAN 



? ? 



BOSTON. 



CENTRALLY LOCfATED. 

CONTAINS OVER TOTTR HUNDRED ROOMS. 

SUITES AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, WITH BATHING AND WATER- 
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PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 

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Sew no! HIS Washington St, Boston. 

FIRE AND mAHmH 

INSURANCE. 

Office : cor. of State and Devonshire Sts. 



THE DELAWARE MUTUAL SAFETY INS. CO., 

OF PHILADELPHIA. « 

THE MERCANTILE MUTUAL INS. CO., 

— AND — 

THE MERCANTILE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF NE1¥ YORK. 



W. V. HUTCHINGS & W. H. VINCENT. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



11 



II. THE NOKTH END. 




HE extension of the limits of Boston and the movement of business and 
population to the southward have materially changed the meaning at- 
tached to the term North End. In the earliest days of the town, the Mill 
Creek separated a part of the town from the mainland, and all to the north 
of it was properly called the North End. For our present purpose we include in that 
division of the city all the territory north of State, Court, and Cambridge Streets. 
This district is, perhaps, the richest in historical associations of any part of Boston. 
It was once the most important part of the town, containing not only the largest 
warehouses and the public buildings, but tlie most aristocratic quarter for dwelling- 
housi!s. But this was a long time ago. A large part of the North End proper has been 
abandoned by all residents except the poorest and most vicious classes. Among the 
important streets may be mentioned Commercial, with its solidly built warehouses, 
and its great establishments for the sale of grain, ship-chandleiy, fish, and other 
articles ; Cornhill, once the head-quarters of the book-trade, and a remnant of the 
business still lingers there ; the streets radiating from Dock Square, crowded with 
stores for the sale of cutlery and hardware, meats, wines, groceries, fruit, tin, cojiper 
and iron-ware, and other articles of household use ; and Hanover, lately widened, 
and now as formerly a gi-eat market for cheap goods of all descriptions. Elsewhere 
in this district are factories for the production of a variety of articles, from a match 
to a tombstone, from a set of furniture to a church bell. 

There are but a few relics remaining of the North End of the olden time. The 
streets have been straightened and widened, and go under different names from those 
first given them, and most of the ancient buildings have fallen to decay and been re- 
moved. Among such as are still left to us, the most conspicuous and the most famous 
is old Faneuil Hall, the "Cradle of Liberty." This building was a gift to the town by 
Mr. Peter Faneuil. For more than twenty years before its erection the need of a pub- 
lic market had been felt, but the town would never vote to build one. In 1740 Mr. 
Faneuil offered to build a market at his own expense, and give it to the town, if a 
vote should be passed to accept it, and keep it open under suitable regulations. 
This noble offer was accepted by the town, after a hot discussion, by a narrow major- 
ity of seven. The building was erected in 1742 ; and only five years later the oppo- 
sition to the market-house system was so powerful that a vote was carried to close the 
market. From that time until 1761 the question whether the market should be open 
or not was a fmitful source of discord in local politics, each party to the contest scor- 
ing several victories. In the last-named year Faneuil Hall was destroyed by fire. 
This seems to have turned the current of popular opinion in favor of the market, for 
the town immediately voted to rebuild it. In 1805 it was enlarged to its present size. 
From the time the Hall was first built until the adoption of the city charter in 1822, 
all town meetings were held within its walls. In the stirring events that preceded 
the llevolution it was put to frequent use. The spirited speeches and resolutions ut- 



12 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




FANEUIL HALL AND QUINCY MARKET. 

tered and adopted within it were a most potent agency in exciting the patriotism of 
all the North American colonists. In every succeeding great crisis in our country's 
history, thousands of citizens have assembled beneath this roof to listen to the patri- 
otic eloquence of their leaders and counsellors. The great Hall is peculiarly fitted 
for popular assemblies. It is seventy-six feet square and twenty-eight feet high, and 
possesses admirable acoustic properties. The floor is left entirely destitute of seats, 
by which means the capacity of the hall, if not the comfort of audiences, is greatly 
increased. Numerous large and valuable portraits adorn the walls, — an original full- 
length painting of Washington, by Stuart ; another of the donor of the building, 
Peter Faneuil, by Colonel Henry Sargent ; Healy's great picture of Webster replying 
to HajTie ; excellent portraits of Samuel Adams and the second President Adams ; of 
General Warren and Commodore Preble ; of Edward Everett, Abraham Lincoln, and 
John A. Andrew ; and of several others prominent in the history of Massachusetts 
and the Union. The Hall is never let for money, but it is at the disposal of the peo- 
ple whenever a sufficient number of persons, complying with certain regulations, ask 
to have it opened. The city charter of Boston, which makes but a very few restric- 
tions upon the right of the city government to govern the city in all local affairs, 
contains a -wise provision forbidding the sale or lease of this Hall. 

The new Faneuil Hall Market, popularly known as Quincy Market, originated in a 
recommendation by Mayor Quincy in 1823. The corner-stone was laid in April, 1825, 
and the structure was completed in 1827. The building is five hundred and thirty- 
five feet long and fifty feet wide, and is two stories in height. This great market- 



WM. READ & SONS, 

13 Faneuil Hall Square, Boston, Mass., 




Breech and Muzzle Loading 



W. & C. Scott & Sons', Westley Richard's, Greener's, 

Webley's, Moore's, and others. Also, Remington's, 

Whitney's, and other American makes. 

Maynard's, Ballard's, Remington's, Steven's, and other 

AGENTS FOR 

W. C. SCOTT & SONS' BREECH - LOADERS. 

Every size of these celebrated Breech-Loading Guns constantly in 
stock, — 14, 12, 10, 8, and 4 bores, — or imported to special order if 
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— ALSO — 

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AND EVERT ARTICLE IN 

FISHING TACKIiEi. 



THE 



BOSTON DAILY ADYERTISEE, 



29 CouET Street, Boston. 



TERMS : 

The subscription price of the Daily Advertiser is $12 per annum. To clubs of 
five and under twenty, to one address, the price is $ 9.50 per copy. To clubs of twenty 
and upwards, the price is $ 9 per copy. 

The subscription price of the Semi- Weekly Advertiser is $ 4 per year. 

The subscription price of the Weekly Advertiser is $2 per year. To clubs of 10 
and upwards the price is $ 1.50 per copy. 

Address jj. F. WATERS, Treasurer, 

BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER, 

39 Court Street, Boston. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



13 



house was built at a cost of $ 150,000, upon made land ; and so economically were its 
aifairs managed that the improvement, including the opening of six new streets and 
the enlargement of a seventh, was accomplished without the levying of any tax, and 
without any increase of the city's debt. 

Quite at the other extreme of our North End district is situated the only other 
building of a public nature within it to be noticed here, — the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, — a structure of imposing appearance and devoted to most beneficent uses. 
This institution had its origin in a bequest of $5,000 made in 1799, but it was not 
until 1811 that 

the Hospital ___=^ ^ _„_ 

was incorjjorat- 
ed. The State 
endowed it 
with a fee- 
simple in the 
old Province 
House, which 
was subse- 
quently leased 
for a term of 
ninety -nine 
years. The 
Massachusetts 




THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. 



Hospital Life Insurance Company was required by its charter to pay one third of 
its net profits to the Hospital. Large sums of money were raised by private sub- 
scription both before the institution had begun operations and every year since. On 
the 1st of January, 1875, the general fund of the Hospital amounted to $935,956 ; 
the total of restricted funds at the same date being $860,594.86. The aggregate of 
funds not invested in real estate was $941,393.64. During the preceding year 
the income of the corporation was $251,571.18, and the expenses amounted to 
$243,033.39. These figures are for the Hospital proper, and for the McLean Asy- 
lum for the Insane at Somerville, which is a branch of the institution. 

The handsome granite building west of Blossom Street was erected in 1818, and 
enlarged by the addition of two extensive wings in 1846. The stone of the original 
building was hammered and fitted by the convicts at the State Prison. The system 
on which this noble institution is managed is admirable, in that it is so designed as 
to combine the principles of gratuitous treatment and the payment of their expenses 
by those who are able to do so. The hospital turns none away. who come within the 
scope of its operations, while it has room to receive them, however poor they may be. 
It has been greatly aided in its work by the generous contributions and bequests of 
wealthy people. The fund permanently invested to furnish free beds amounts to 
more than $600,000, and the annual contributions for free beds during the year 
support about one hundred of them at $ 1 00 each. To those who are able to pay 
for their board and for medical treatment the charges are in all cases moderate, 
never exceeding the actual expense. During the last year eighteen hundred pa- 
tients were treated for a longer or a shorter time, of whom more than two thirds were 



14 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



treated free. This number, however, represents only such as were admitted into the 
hospital ; nearly sixteen thousand out-patients also received advice, medicine, or sur- 
gical or dental treatment. It will show more clearly how gi'eat good is done precisely 
where it is most needed, if we say that out of 1053 male patients admitted to the 
wards during the year, 741 were classed as mechanics, laborers, seamen, teamsters, 
and servants ; while of 586 female patients, 311 were classed as domestics, seamstresses, 
and operatives. Statistics sometimes tell a story of good work well done more graph- 
ically than pages of eloquent jiraise, and this is true of this noble institution. 

Four of the eight railroads terminating in Boston have their stations in 
this part of the city, — three of them within a stone's throw of each other, on 
Causeway Street. Our view represents the stations of the Eastern and Fitchburg 
Railroads, with a section of the new Lowell station in the foreground. The 
former is an unpretentious building of brick, erected in 1863, after the destruc- 

^ tion by fire of 



the former sta- 
tion, and is 
small and inad- 
equate to do the 
immense busi- 
ness which the 
Eastern road has 
built up ; but 
there is at pres- 
ent little pros- 
pect of the erec- 
tion of a larger 
and better sta- 
tion. The East- 
ern Eailroad, by 
arrangement 
with the Maine 
Central Rail- 
road, now runs 
its cars through 
to Bangor, Me., 
there making 
close connection 




EASTFRN AND FfTrHpi'RC PAII.ROAn STATIONS. 



with the railroad to Si. John, New Brunswick. In addition to the extensive through 
travel thus secured, it perfonns an exceedingly large amount of local business for the 
cities and towns along the coast to Portsmouth. In 1847 the total number of pas- 
sengers carried on this line was but 651,408. The number carried during the year 
ending September 30, 1874, was 6,019,990. 

The station of the Fitchburg Railroad is represented at the extreme right hand 
of our sketch. It was built in 1847, the terminus of the road having previously 
been in Charlestown. In a great hall in the upper part of this structure, two grand 
concerts were given by Jenny Lind in Oetoberj 1860, to &Udietaoes numbering 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



15 



on each occasion more than four thousand people. The agents of Mr. Bamum, 
who was at that time paying her $1,000 for each concert, sold, for the second con- 
cert, tickets to a thousand more people than could be accommodated. The manager 
was accordingly obliged to refund the money the next day, to his own chagi'in 
and to the infinite disgust of those who had failed to hear the great Swedish 
singer. Even with the disappointed thousand excluded, the haU was so densely 
packed that very many ladies fainted, and there was at times serious danger of a 
panic. The newspapers of the day remarked with admiration upon the magical 
effect of Jenny Lind's voice in calming and restoring to order the crowded multitude. 
The Fitchburg Railroad passes through several important suburban towns, and trans- 
acts an extensive local and through business. It will probably take the lion's share 
of the business through the Hoosac Timnel, now finished, — whether happily or not 
is not yet determinable. 

The Lowell Railroad possesses one of the finest passenger-stations in the country, 
as well as one of the larggst. It is seven hundred feet long, and has a front of two 
hundred and five feet 
on Causeway Street ; 
the material is face brick 
with trimmings of Nova 
Scotia freestone. The 
engraving shows the el- 
egance of the building ; 
but it cannot display 
the great arch of the 
train-house, which has 
a clear span of one hun- 
dred and twenty feet 
without any central sup- 
port. The head-house 
contains the offices of 
the company and very 
large and convenient 
waiting and other rooms 
for the accommodation 
of passengers. The sta- 
tion was built with a 
view to a much more extensive business than the Boston and Lowell Railroad, only 
twenty-six miles long, could hope to gather, and in it other roads doubtless will be 
ultimately accommodated. The projected Massachusetts Central Railroad has already 
made a contract with the managers of the Lowell road, and it has been .suggested 
that the Eastern Railroad might here find much needed train accommodation. 

The Boston and Maine Railroad, alone of all the lines entering the city on the north 
side, enjoys the privilege of penetrating within the outer .street. Its station is in 
Haymarket Square, and the open space in front of it gives prominence to the 
structure. The station has within two or three years been greatly enlarged and im- 
proved, so that it is now, internally, one of the lightest and pleasantest edifices of the 




LOWELL RAILROAD STATION. 



16 



BOSTON ILLUSTEATED. 



kind in the 
city. The Maine 
road has a very 
large local bus- 
iness, serving 
the towns of 
Maiden, Mel- 
rose, Beading, 
Wakefield, and 
Andover, and 
the cities of 
Haverhill and 
Lawrence. It 
is also a favorite 
line to Portland 
and beyond, as 
it passes along 
the Maine coast 
near the sea- 
side hotels of 
Saco, and en- 
joys close connection at Portland with the Maine Central and Grand Trunk roads. 

The old North Burying-ground, on Copp's Hill, was the second established in the 
town Its original limits, when fiist used for mteiments m 1660, \\eie miich smaller 




HAVMARKET SQUARE. 




copp's hill burying-ground. 



than now, and the enclosure did not reach its present size until about forty years ago. 
Like most of the remaining relics of the early times, this burial-ground bears traces 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



17 



of the Revolutionary contest. The British soldiers occupied it as a military station, 
and used to amuse themselves by firing bullets at the gravestones. The marks made 
in this sacrilegious sjiort may still be discovered by careful examination of the stones. 
One of these most defaced is that above the grave of Captain Daniel Malcom, which 
bears an inscription speaking of him as "A true son of Liberty a Fuiend to 

THE PUELICK AN EnEMY TO OPPRESSION AND ONE OF THE FOREMOST IN OPPOS- 
ING THE Revenue Acts on America." 

This refers to a bold act of Captain Malcom, in landing a valuable cargo of wines, in 
1768, without pajing the duty upon it. This was done in the night under the guard 
of bands of men armed with clubs. It would be called smuggling at the present 
day, but when committed it was deemed a laudable and patriotic act, because the 
tax was regarded as unjust, oppressive, and illegal. The most noted persons whose 
bodies repose within this enclosure were undoubtedly the three Reverend Doctors 
Mather, — Increase, Cotton, and Samuel ; but there are many curious and interest- 
ing inscriptions to read, which would well repay a visit. Tlie burying-ground is 
even now a favorite place of resort in the warmer months, and the gates stand hos- 
pitably open to callers, though they have long been closed against the admission of 
new inhabitants. It is to the credit of the city, that, when it became necessary in 
the improvemejit of that section of the city to cut down the hill to some extent, 
the burying- 
ground was left 
untouched, and 
the embankment 
protected by a 
high stone-wall 

Two o f t h e 
leading hotels of - 
Boston are in 
this district of 
the city. The 
American House, 
on Hanover St , 
is the largest 
public house in 
New England, 
and one of the 
best. Its exter- 
nal appearance 
has been very 
greatly improv ed 
by .the recent 
wideningofHan 
over Street. It 
covers the sites 
of four formei 
hotels, — Eaiie's, 




18 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Merchants', the Hanover, and the old American Houses. It was rebuilt in 
1851, and numerous additions have been made since. The interior has also been 
completely remodelled within a few years, and many of the rooms are exceedingly 
elegant, while the furniture of the house is throughout handsome and substantial. 
A splendid passenger elevator was added to the house when it was refitted, and as 
the furnishing of the rooms is uniform on all the floors, the highest rooms are as 
desirable as those on the second story. The grand dining-room is an immense hall, 
capable of seating at one time more than three hundred people ; when lighted at 
night it is one of the most brilliant halls in Boston, having at either end mammoth 
mirrors reaching from the floor to the ceiling. The American has long been a 
favorite resort for strangers in the city on business, and it is practically the head- 
quarters of the shoe and leather trade. It has been under one management for 
thirty-five years. 

The Revere House is not strictly within the limits of the district we have drawn, 
but it is separated from that district only by the width of a single street. It is a 

building of fine ap- 
pearance, as will be 
seen from our sketch. 
It was erected by 
the Massachusetts 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association, and was 
for a long time under 
the management of 
the veteran Paran 
Stevens. It was, of 
course, named in 
memory of Paul Re- 
vere, the patriotic 
mechanic of Boston 
before and during the 
Revolution, and the 
first president of the 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association. Colonel 
~ Revere was a com- 
panion and fellow- 
worker with Samuel 
Adams, James Otis, Joseph Warren, and others of the leaders of opinion in the days 
of Stamp and Tea Acts. He helped the cause in various ways, —by engraving 
with friendly but unskilful hand the portraits of Adams and others ; by casting 
church bells to be rung and cannon to be fired ; by printing paper money, which 
was, however, neither a valuable currency nor a commendable work of art ; bywords 
and deeds of patriotism that entitle him to grateful remembrance by all Americans. 
The versatile colonel appears in the first Directory of Boston, for 1789, as a gold- 
smith doing business at No. 50 Cornhill, — now Washington Street. The liotel 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



19 



whicli bears his name has entertained more distinguished men than any other in 
Boston. The Prince of "Wales occupied apartments in the Revere on his visit to 
the city twelve years ago. President Grant has been several times a guest of the 
house, and in the winter of 1871 it was the head-quarters of the Grand Duke 
Alexis of Russia. The Revere is situated in Bowdoin Square. 

We give in this place a view of one of the old churches of the city, lately 
demolished. The church in Brattle Square was long known as the Manifesto 
Church, the original members having put forth in 1699, just before their church 
was dedicated, a document declaring their aims and purposes While themselves 
adopting the belief ^..^ 

which was then 
universal among 
the Congregational 
churches of the time, 
they conceded the 
right of difference of 
belief among the 
members. What 
Congregational 
churches were to 
those ruled by ec- 
clesiastical supe- 
riors, or by con- 
vocations, the indi 
vidual member of the 
Manifesto Chun li 
was to be to the mem 
bers of other Con 
gregational church 
es, and the distinc 
tion between church 
and congi-egationwas 
abolished. Expect 
ing a difficulty in 
getting ordained in brattle square church. 

Boston, their iirst minister was ordained in London. The modest church edifice built 
in 1699 was taken down in 1772, and the building just demolished, erected on the same 
spot, was dedicated on the 25th of July, 1773. During the Revolution the pastor, who 
was a patriot, was obliged to leave Boston, services were suspended, and the British 
soldiery used the building as a barrack. A cannon-ball from a battery in Cam- 
bridge or from a ship of war in Charles River struck the church ; and this me- 
mento of the glorious contest was afterwards built into the external wall of the 
church, above the porch. Among the long line of eminent clergymen who have 
been pastors of this church, may be mentioned the late Edward Everett, who is so 
much better known as a statesman than as a minister that the fact of his having 
been a clerg>'man is frequently forgotten.' The old church was sold in 1871, and the 




20 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



last service was held in it July 30 of that year, a memorial sermon being preached 
on that occasion by the pastor, the Eev. Dr. S. K. Lothrop. The ancient pulpit, the 
old bell, the organ, the historic cannon-ball, and some other mementoes, were re- 
served at the sale. A large business warehouse is at present in course of erection 
upon the site of the church. The society has built a fine house of worship on the 
Back Bay, which is noticed in the proper place. 

Tlie oldest church in the city is Christ Church, Episcopal, on Salem Street. The 
Episcopalian denomination was for a long time of slow growth in Boston ; but not- 
withstanding King's Chapel, 
then a society of the Church 
of England, had been en- 
larged in 1710, the number 
of Church people was so large 
in the year 1723, that it was 
necessary to found a new so- 
ciety. This is the iirst and 
only building ever occupied 
by the society. During the 
Revolution, the rector of 
Christ Church, the Eev. 
Mather Byles, Jr., left the 
town on account of his sym- 
pathy with the royal cause. 
The steeple of this, church 
is a very prominent land- 
mark, and is one of the most 
noticeable features in ap- 
proaching the city from the 
harbor. It is, however, but 
a copy, as accurate as could 
be made, of the original stee- 
ple, from which the warning 
lights were hung on the night 
of April 18, 1775, which was 

CHRIST CHURCH, SALEM STREET. , , , • .i 

blown down m the gi'eat 
gale of October, 1804. The tower contains a fine chime of eight bells, upon which 
have been rung joyful and mournful peals for more than a century and a quarter. 

Only one of the great daily newspapers of the city is published within the North 
End district, — the Daily Advertiser. The Advertiser is the oldest daily paper in 
Boston, having nearly reached the sixtieth year of continuous publication. It is a 
little curious that the site now occupied by the Advertiser as a permanent home, 
after a protracted period of migration, is that from which James Franklin issued the 
first number of the New England Courant, in 1721. The same spot was again occu- 
pied as a printing-ofiice in 1776, by the Independent Chronicle, which was suspended 
during the Revolution. The Advertiser has succeeded to the rights of the Chronicle, 
and therefore claims that wlien it took possession of its present l)uilding, in 1867, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



21 



— a building, by the way, admirably suited to its purpose, — it merely returned to its 
first home. The first number of the Daily Advertiser ever published thus announced 
the character of the paper: " The predominant feature of the Daily Advertiser will 
be commercial, — yet it will be by no means destitute of a political character." This 
announcement, changed to the present tense, has always been a tnie description of 
the paper. It has maintained during its comparatively long life an excellent reputa- 
tion for ability and accuracy, and is accounted one of the leading journals of New 
England. 

Two of the most noticeable, though not the most extensive, of the street im- 
provements of recent 
years, have taken 
place in this district. 
The first was the re- 
moval of an uninter- 
esting old structure, 
a landmark and 
meeting-place in the 
Boston of ten years 
ago, known as Scol- 
lay's Building, and 
the creation thereby 
of what is now called 
ScoUay Square. The 
history of the build- 
ing is not worth 
telling, and every- 
body rejoiced when 
the city bought it for 
two or three times its 
real value and tore it 
down. The improve- 
ment had one fun- 
ny result, and New 
York would make 
sport of us if slie 
only knew the facts. 
Scollay Square is the 
most iiTegular of tii- 
angles. Court Street 
empties into it in the 

most curious way possible, and for a time the left side of the street is lost. It is Tre- 
mont Row where it ought to be Court Street. Then the right side is similarly lost, 
Court Street and Sudbury Street being separated by as in\nsible a line as is the 
equator. But finally both parts of the street resume their course after a space where 
there is no Court Street, until the wonderful avenue loses itself at last in Bowdoin 
Square. 




22 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The other improvement is the extension of Washington Street to Haymarket 
Square and the Boston and Maine Kailroad Station. This extension was projected 
and urged long ago, but was opposed strenuously on account of the expense involved. 
There were two lines proposed, and the advocates of each resisted the other project. 
At last, however, the Haymarket Square line was decided upon, and the scheme was 
carried out. The full accounts of the improvement ai-e not yet published, but the 
land damages alone had caused an outlay of more than $1,100,000 a year ago, that 
is, in May, 1874. 





BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 23 



III. THE WEST END. 

■ T was, perhaps, fortunate for the people of Boston that the original penin- 
sula was so uneven of surface. The physical geography of the town 
determined the laws of its growth and development. It was inevitable 
that the business of Boston in its early days, being chiefly commercial, 
should cluster near the wharves. It was natural that the high hills should be 
chosen for residences. When, in the progress of the town, the merchants burst 
through the ancient limits of trade, they insensibly followed the line of level ground, 
and left the hills covered with dwelling-houses. It was not until Fort Hill had 
been Avholly surrounded by mercantile houses that the people residing upon that 
once beautiful eminence reluctantly retired. It is only within a few years that the 
quieter branches of business — agencies, architects' and lawyers' offices — have 
begun to mount Beacon Hill, and the progress is so slow that there seems but little 
prospect that a business movement in that direction will meet with much success. 
From the difficulty that business almost always experiences in ascending a hill has 
resulted the preservation of a very large section of the city in the immediate 
neighborhood of business, which is still, and is likely to remain, a desirable place 
for residences. This section is generally called the "West End, — a term which is, 
like the North End, very difficult to be defined. We have already included in the 
latter division a part of what is usually termed the West End, and we must now, 
for convenience' sake, embrace within the limits of the West End a part of the 
South End. Our division includes all that part of the city south and west of 
Cambridge, Court, and Tremont Streets, to the line of the Boston and Albany 
Railroad, following the line of that railroad to Brookline. These boundaries take in 
the whole of Beacon Hill, the Common and Public Garden, and most of the Back 
Bay new land. 

It has already been said that Beacon Hill, the highest in Boston, has been shorn 
of its original proportions. It is to-day neither very steep nor very high, nor is it 
easy to convey any intelligible idea of its original character by giving the altitude 
of its highest point above the level of the sea. Those who are familiar with the 
neighborhood will understand the extent of the changes, however, when it is said 
that the three peaks of "Trea Mount" were where Pemberton Square, the Reservoir, 
and Louisburg Square now are. The hill was cut down in the early years of the 
present century, and Mount Vernon Street was laid out at that time ; but it was 
not until 1835 that the hill where Pemberton Square now is was removed, and that 
square laid out. Beacon Hill obtained its name from the fact that, for almost a 
century and a half from the settlement of the town, a tall pole stood upon its 
summit, surmounted by a skillet filled with tar, to be fired in case it was desired to 
give an alarm to the surrounding towns. After the Revolution a monument took 
its place, which stood until 1811, and was then taken down to make room for 
improVeiiiehtsi 



24 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The highest point of the hill in its present shape is occupied by the Massachusetts 
State House, an illustration of which is given on the cover of this book. So prom- . 
inent is its position that it is impossible to make a comprehensive sketch of the 
city that does not exhibit the dome of the State House as the central point of the 
background. The land on which it stands was formerly Governor Hancock's cow- 
pasture,' and was bought of his heirs by the town and given to the State. The 
corner-stone was laid by the Freemasons, Paul Eevere grand master, in 1793, Gov- 
ernor Samuel Adams being present and making an address on the occasion. It 
was first occupied by the Legislature in January, 1798. In 1852 it was enlarged 
at the rear by an extension northerly to Mount Vernon Street, an improvement 
which cost considerably more than the entire first cost of the building. In 1866 
and 1867 it was very extensively remodelled inside, and in 1874 was again repaired, 
and the dome was gilded. 

There are a great many points of interest about the State House. The statues of 
"Webster and Mann, on either side of the approach to the building, will attract 
notice, if not always admiration. Within the Doric Hall, or rotunda, hours may 
be spent by the stranger in examining the objects that deserve attention. Here is 
the fine •statue of Washington, by Chantrey ; here are arranged in an attractive 
manner, behind glass protectors, the battle-flags borne by Massachusetts soldiers in 
the war against Rebellion ; here are copies of the tombstones of the Washington 
family in Brington Parish, England, presented to Senator Sumner by an English 
nobleman, and by the former to the State ; here is the admirable statue of Governor 
Andrew ; here are the busts of the patriot hero Samuel Adams, of the martyred Presi- 
dent Lincoln, and of Senator Sumner ; near by are the tablets taken from the 
monument just mentioned which was erected on Beacon Hill after the Revolution to 
commemorate that contest. Ascending into the Hall of Representatives, we find 
suspended from the ceiling the ancient codfish, emblem of the direction taken by 
Massachusetts industry in the early times. In the Senate Chamber there are also 
relics of the olden time and portraits of distinguished men. From the cupola, 
which is always open when the General Court is not in session, is to be obtained one 
of the finest views of Boston and the neighboring country. A register of the 
visitors to the cupola is kept in a book prepared for the purpose. During the season, 
which lasts from the 1st of June until Christmas, nearly 50,000 persons ascend the 
long flights of stairs to obtain this view of Boston and its suburbs, an average of three 
hundred a day. 

The statue of Governor Andrew in Doric Hall is one of the most excellent of our 
portrait statues. It represents the great war governor as he appeared before care 
had ploughed its lines in his face. This statue was first unveiled to public view 
when it was presented to the State on the 14th of February, 1871. Its history is 
as follows : In January, 1865, a meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, at which it was 
voted to raise a fund for the erection of a statue to the late Edward Everett. The 
response was much more liberal than was necessary for the original purpose, and 
after the statue on the Public Garden, to be mentioned hereafter, was finished, a 
large surplus remained. The portrait of Everett now in Faneuil Hall was procured 
and paid for, a considerable sum was voted in aid of the equestrian statue of Wash- 
ington, and of the balance, ten thousand dollars were appropriated for a statue of 
Andrew, which the State subsequently passed a formal vote to accept. The artist 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



25 



was Thomas Ball, a native of Charlestown, but now resident in Florence. The 
marble is of beautiful texture and whiteness, and the statue is approved both for its 
admirable likeness of the eminent 
original and for its artistic merits. 
There is nothing in Boston of 
which Bostonians are more truly 
proud than of the Common. Other 
cities have larger and more preten- 
tious public gi-ounds ; none of them 
can boast a park of greater natural 
beauty, or better suited to the pur- 
poses to which it is put. There are 
no magnificent drives, for teams are 
not admitted within the sacred pre- 
cincts. Everything is of the plain- 
est and homeliest character. A part 
of the Common is left to itself, and 
is as. barren as the feet of ten thou- 
sand youthful ball-players can make 
it. There is the Frog Pond, with its 
fountain, where the boys may sail 
their miniature ships at their own 
sweet will. There is the deer park, 
a delightful and popular resort for 
the youngest of the visitors to this 
noble public space. All the malls 
and paths are shaded by fine old trees, 
which have their names somewhat 
pedantically labelled upon them, giv- 
ing an admirable opportunity for the 
study of what we may call gi-and 
botany. On bright spring days the Common is resorted to by thousands of boys, 
who find here ample room to give vent to their surplus spirit and animation, free 
from all undue restraint. On summer evenings the throng of promenaders is very 
great, and of itself testifies to the value placed by all classes upon this opportunity 
to get a breath of fresh air in the heart of the city. 

The history of the Common has been written several times, but there are never- 
theless curiously erroneous notions prevalent in regard to the manner in which it 
became public ground, and the power of the city over it. The territory of Boston 
was purchased from Mr. Blaxton by the corporation of colonists who settled it. The 
land was then divided among the several inhabitants by the officers of the town. A 
part of it was set off as a training-field and as common ground, subject originally to 
further division in case such a course should be thought advisable. In 1640 a vote 
was passed by the town, in consequence of a movement on the part of certain citi- 
zens that was discovered and thwarted none too soon, that, with the exception of 
" 3 or 4 lotts to make vp y' streete from bro Bobte Walkers to y* Round Marsh," no 




THE ANDREW STATUE. 



26 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



more land should be granted out of the Common. It is solely by the power of this 
vote and the jealousy of the citizens sustaining it that the Common was kept sacred 

to the uses of the 
people as a whole 
from 1640 until the 
adoption of the city 
charter, when, by 
the desire of the citi- 
zens, and by the con- 
sent of the Legisla- 
ture, the right to 
alienate any portion 
of the Common was 
expressly withheld 
from the city gov- 
ernment. 

The earliest use to 
which the Common 
was put was that of 
a pasture and a train- 
ing-held on muster 
days. The occupa- 
tion of the Common 
as a grazing - field 
continued until the 
year 1830, but it was 

by no means wholly given up to that use. As early as 1675 an English traveller, Mr. 
John JosseljTi, published in London an "Account of Two Voyages," in which occurs 
the following notice of Boston Common : "On the south there is a small but pleas- 
ant Common, where the Gallants a little before sunset walk with their Marmalet- 
Madams, as we do in Moorfields, etc., till the nine a clock Bell rings them home to 
their respective habitations, when presently the Constables walk their rounds to see 
good orders kept, and to take up loose people." Previous and long subsequent to 
this the Common was also the usual place for executions. Four persons at least were 
hanged for witchcraft between 1656 and 1660. Murderers, pirates, deserters, and 
others were put to death under the forms of law upon the Common, until, in 1812, a 
memorial signed by a great number of citizens induced the selectmen to order that 
no part of the Common should be gi-anted for such a purpose. Those who have 
studied the history of Boston most closely are of opinion that on more than one 
occasion a branch of the great Elm was used as the gallows. And near that famous 
tree was the scene of a lamentable duel, in 1728, that resulted in the death of a very 
promising young man. The level ground east of Charles Street has been used from 
the very earliest times as a parade-ground. Here take place the annual parade and 
drum-head election of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the oldest 
military organization in the country, and here the Governor delivers to the newly 
felected officers their commissions for the year* 




THE FROG POND. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



27 



The original boundary of the Common was quite different from the present. On 
the west it was bounded by the low lands and flats of the Back Bay ; on the north 
by Beacon Street to Tremont Street ; thence by an irregular line to West Street ; 
and thence to the corner of Boylston and Carver Streets, and upon that line to the 
water. Upon that part bounded by Park, Beacon, and Tremont Streets were once 
situated the granary, the almshouse, the workhouse, and the bridewell. In 1733 a 
way was established across the Common where Park Street (which was formerly 
called Centry Street) now is. Since the establishment of that street, the land occu- 
pied by the institutions above named has been sold for private purposes. Compen- 
sation has been made to some extent by the addition of the land in the angle 
between Tremont and Boylston Streets. The land for the burying-ground M'as 
bought by the town in 1757, and that part where is now situated the deer park in 
1787. On the west a considerable piece was cut off when Charles Street was laid out, 
in 1803, but here also there was rather a gain than a loss, since the piece so 
amputated was enlarged by iilling flats, and added to the public grounds. The area 
of the Common is now very nearly forty-eight acres. 

It would be impossible within our Umits to mention all that is of interest upon 
and about the Common ; but some things cannot be passed over. The Old Elm is 
perhaps the chief ob- 
ject of interest still, 
though its 'symmetri- 
cal beauty is gone 
This great tree is cer- 
tainly the oldest 
known tree in New 
England. It was large 
enough to find a place 
on the map engraved 
in 1722, and on the 
great branch broken 
off by the gale of 1860 
could be easily count- 
ed nearly two hundred 
rings, carrying the age 
of that branch back 
to 1670. It is sur- 
mised that the sup- 
posed witch, Ann 
Hibbens, was hanged J, 
upon it in 1656, and 
if so, it could have 
hardly been less than the old elm, boston common. 

twenty-six years old, which would make the Old Elm as old as the town of Bos- 
ton. Great care has been taken to preserve this tree. A gale in 1832 caused it 
much injury, and the limbs were restored to their former places at great cost and 
vrith much labor, after which they were secured by iron bands and bars. The great 




28 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gale of June, 1860, tore off the largest limb and otherwise mutilated it, and again 
it was restored as far as was possible, and the cavity was filled up and covered. 
In September, 1869, the high wind that tore the roof from the first Coliseum 
and blew down the spires of so many churches in Boston and vicinity, made havoc 
with the remaining limbs, taking off one great branch that was forty-two inches 
in circumference. The iron fence around the tree was put up in 1854. 

The Frog Pond was, probably, in the early days of Boston, just what its name 
indicates, — a low, marshy spot, filled with stagnant water, and the abode of the 
tuneful batrachian. The enterprise of the early inhabitants is credited with having 
transformed it into a real artificial pond. This pond was the scene of the formal 
introduction of the water of Cochituate Lake into Boston, on the 25th of October, 
1848. A great procession was organized on that day, under the direction of the city 
government, which marched through the principal streets to the Common, where, 
after a hymn sung by the Handel and Haydn Society, a prayer, an ode written by 
James Eussell Lowell and sung by the school-children, addresses by the Hon. 
Nathan Hale and by Mayor Quincy, the water was let on through the gate of the 
fountain, amid the shouts of the people, the roar of cannon, the hiss of rockets, and 
the ringing of bells. 

The burying-ground on Boylston Street, formerly known as the South, and later 
as the Central Burying-gi-ound, is the least interesting of the old cemeteries of Bos- 
ton. It was opened in 1756, but the oldest stone, with the exception of one which 
was removed from some other ground, or which perpetuates a manifest error, is 
dated 1761. The best-known name upon any stone in the graveyard is that of 
Monsieur Julien, the inventor of the famous soup that bears his name, and the 
most noted restaurateur of Boston in the last century. 

One of the most conspicuous objects on the Common is the Brewer fountain, the gift 
to the city of the late Gardner Brewer, Esq., which began to play for the first time on 

June 3, 1868. It is a copy, 
in bronze, of a fountain de- 
signed by the French artist 
Lienard, executed for the 
Paris World's Fair of 1855, 
where it was awarded a gold 
medal. The great figures at 
the base represent Neptune 
and Amphitrite, Acis and Ga- 
latea. The fountain was cast 
in Paris, and was procured, 
brought to this coimtry, and 
set up at the sole expense of 
the public - spirited donor. 
Copies in iron have been made 
for the cities of Lj-ons and 
Bordeaux ; and an exact copy, 
in bronze, of the fountain on the Common was made for Said Pacha, the late Vice- 
roy of Egypt. 




THE BREWER FOUNTAIN. 



1835 HOLBROOK'S, 1875 

The oldest Lace House in Boston, — Established 1835. 

133 TREMONT STREBT. 133 



strangers visiting Boston will find at this Establishment full lines of the 

CHOICEST GOODS, FROM THE PARISIAN AND OTHER 
EUROPEAN MARKETS, 

CONSISTING OP 

Laces, Embroideries, 

Lace Articles, Best Kid Gloves (oicr own make), 

Hosiery and Underwear, 

Nunnery Work Underclothing, 

(and our own manufacture,) 

Ladies' and Infants' Outfits complete. 

BEST GOODS AT LOWEST PRICES. 



C. C. HOLBROOK, 

138 TREMOISTT STREET, 
Next St Pava's Church, BOSTON. 



ELLISON, H0LLI8, & CO., 

FIRE AlVD IflARirVE 

INSURANCE, 

Hoi 85 DevonsIiirG St«^ 

BOSTON". 



Insurance of every description effected in responsible Com- 
panies, at equitable rates. The following Companies represented, 
viz. : 

HOME, OF NEW YORK, 

Cash Assets, » 5,637,446 

LANCASHIRE, OF MANCHESTER, ENG., 

Capital, . . $10,000,000. Cash Assets, . . $2,846,977 

PHCENIX, OF HARTFORD, 

Cash Assets, $ 1,853,303 

CITIZEN'S, OF NEW YORK, 

Cash Assets, 8839,336 

NATIONAL, OF NEW YORK, 

Cash Assets, 8377.830 

IRVING, OF NEW YORK, 

Cash Assets, . . . ' 8304,349 

SAFEGUARD, OF NEW YORK, 

Cash Assets, 8348,530 

VIRGINIA, FIRE AND MARINE, OF RICHMOND, 

Cash Assets, 8508,361 



ELLISON, HOLLIS, & CO., 

AGEIVTS AND ATTORNEYS, 

ISTo. 85 Devonsliire St., Boston. 

W. H. ELLISON. J. EDWARD HOLLIS. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



29 



Upon the old Flagstaff Hill, close by the Frog Pond and the Old Elm, will stand 
the Soldiers' Monument, the corner-stone of which was laid with appropriate 
ceremonies September 18, 1871. Upon a gi'anite platform will rest the plinth, 
in the form of a Greek cross, with four panels in which will be inserted bas-reliefs 
representing the Sanitary Commission, the Navy, the Departure for the War, and 
the Return. At each of the four corners will be a statue of heroic size, representing 
Peace, History, the Army, and the Navy. The die upon the plinth will also be 
richly sculptured, and upon it, sun-ounding the shaft in alto-relievo, will be four 
allegorical figures, representing the North, South, East, and West. The shaft is to 
be a Roman Doric column, the whole to be surmounted by a colossal statue of 
America, resting on a hemisphere, guarded by four figures of the American eagle, 
with outspread wings. "America " will hold in her left hand the national standard, 
and in her right she will support a sheathed sword and wreaths for the victors. The 
extreme height of the monument will be ninety feet, and it will not be completed 
for some time yet. The artist is Mr. Martin Millmore, of Boston. 

There are verj'' few spots on the Common with which some Bostonian has not a 
pleasant association. Almost every citizen and visitor has rejoiced in the grateful 
shade of the Tre- 
mont Street Mall, 
or the arching elms 
of the Beacon Street 
Mall, on a hot sum- ^J^j 
mer's day. Few 
would care to tramp 
upon the burning 
bricks of the side- 
walks when there is 
so pleasant a path 
close at hand. But 
the associations are 
by no means con- 
fined to the mere ex- 
perience of comfort 
beneath the shadow 
of these wide-spread- 
ing trees. How 
many thousand 
" gallants " have 
walked these malls 
with their "marma- 
let-madams," hold- 
ing sweet converse 

the while ! The inimitable Dr: Holmes has laid the scene of one of the pleasantest 
courtships in literature at the head of one of the malls branching from the one 
which our view represents. The " autocrat of the breakfast-table " had engaged 
passage for Liverpool, that he might escape forever from the sight of the fascinating 




BEACON STREET MALL. 



30 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



sclioolmistress if she turned a deaf ear to his petition. Having thus provided a way 
of escape, he planned to take a walk with her. 

"It was on the Common that we were walking. The onall, or boulevard of our 
Common, you know, has vaiious branches leading from it in different directions. 
One of these runs down from opposite Joy Street, southward across the length of 
the whole Common to Boylston Street. We called it the long path, and were fond 
of it. 

"I felt very weak, indeed, (though of a tolerably robust habit,) as we came oppo- 
site the head of this path on that morning. I think I tried to speak twice without 
making myself distinctly audible. At last I got out the question, ' Will you take the 
long path with me ? ' 'Certainly,' said the schoolmistress, 'with much pleasure.' 
'Think,' I said, 'before you answer ; if you take the long path with me now, I 
shall interpret it that we are to part no more ! ' The schoolmistress stepped back 
with a sudden movement, as if an arrow had stnick her. 

"One of the long gi'anite blocks used as seats was hard by, the one you may 
still see close by the Ginko tree. 'Pray, sit down,' I said. 'No, no,' she answered, 
softly, ' I will walk the long path with you.' " 

The history of the Public Garden is shorter and less interesting than that of the 
Common. Before the improvement of this part of the city was begun, a large part 




THE PUBLIC GARDEN, FROM ARLINGTON STREET. 

of what is now the Public Garden was covered by the tides, and the rest was known 
as "the marsh at the foot of the Common." In 1794, the ropewalks having been 
burned, the town voted to grant these flats for the erection of new ropewalks . It 
was not until many years later that the folly of this act was seen, — indeed, not 
until after the constniction of the Mill-dam, now the extension of Beacon Street, to 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



31 




Brookline. When the tide had ceased to flow freely over the flats, and the marsh 

so rashly granted be- .__^ _-^ ^ 

came dry land, the -^-^ ^^^^^ <^3=.^^*,==a3:^^^^Y^-^ 

holders of this prop- 
erty, having once 
more lost their rope- 
walks by fire, in 1819, 
began to realize its 
value, and proposed 
to sell it for business 
and dwelling pui 
poses. Charles Street 
had been laid out 
in 1803, and this 
increased the value 
of building-lots on 
the tract, if it could 
be sold. The pro 
posed action was, 
however, resisted, and 
finally, in 1824, the 
city paid upwards of 
fifty thousand dol- the pond, public garden. 

lars to regain what the town had in a fit of generosity given away. But for a long 
time after tliis very 
little was done to or- 
nament and improve 
the Public Garden. 
The vexatious delays ^ 
in settling the terms 
on which the Back 
Bay was to be filled 
are hardly forgotten £ 
yet ; and not more 
than half a dozen 
years ago some of the 
principal walks in the 
enclosure were still 
in the worst conceiv- 
able condition. 
There was,until 1859, 
when an act of the 
Legislature and a 
vote of the city set- 
tled the question 
finally, a small but 

THE BRIDGR, PUBLIC GARDEN. 




32 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



earnest party in favor of disposing of the entire tract for building purposes, — just as 
there is now a persistent class of persons who desire the improvement of several streets 
at the expense of the Common. All these unwise plans failed, and the* Public Garden 
became the inalienable property of the city. In the last thirteen years very much 
has been done to make the Public Garden attractive, and although it has not the 
diversified surface and shaded walks of the older enclosure, it has already become a 
favorite resort for young and old. 

The area of this park is about twenty-one and a quarter acres. It is not exactly 
rectangular in shape, as it seems to be, the Boylston Street side being longer than 
the Beacon Street, and the Charles Street longer than the Arlington Street side. 
The pond in the centre is laboriously irregular in shape, and is wholly artificial. It 
contains rather less than four acres, and was constructed in 1859, almost innne- 
diately after the act of the Legislature relating to the Public Garden had been 
accepted. The central walk, from Charles to Arlington Streets, crosses this pond 
by an iron bridge resting on granite piers, erected in 1867. The appearance 
of unnecessary solidity and strength which this bridge presents gave point to 
numerous jokes in the newspapers of the day. The bridge is certainly strong 
enough to support an army on the march, and perhaps it looks much more substantial 
than it really is ; but aside from the rather ponderous appearance of the piers, there 
is very little opportunity for unfavorable criticism of the stmcture. 

There are several interesting works of art in the Public Garden. The one first 
placed there was a small but very beautiful statue of Venus rising from the Sea, which 

stands near the Arlington Street entrance, oppo- 
site Commonwealth Avenue. The fountain con- 
nected with this statue is so arranged as to throw, 
when it is playin§^^ a fine spray all about the fig- 
ure of Venus, producing a remarkably beautiful 
effect. Further on towards Beacon Street stands 
the monument to the discovery and to the discov- 
erer, whoever he may be, of anaesthetics, presented 
by Thomas Lee, Esq., and dedicated in June, 1868. 
In the centre of the Beacon Street side stands the 
statue in bronze of the late Edward Everett. The 
funds for this statue were raised by a public sub- 
scription, in 1865u The remarkable success of this 
^ subscription has already been referred to. This 
statue was modelled in Rome by Story, in 1866, 
cast in Munich, and presented to the city in No- 
vember, 1867. The orator stands with his head 
thrown back, and with his right aim extended 
in the act of making a favorite and gi-aceful ges- 
ture. 

But the most conspicuous of all the works of art in the Public Garden is Ball's 
great equestrian statue of Washington, which is justly regarded by many as one of 
the finest, as it is one of the largest, pieces of the kind in America. The movement 
which resulted in the erection of this monument was begun in the spring of 1859. 




THE EVERETT STATUE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



33 



The earliest contribution to the fund was the proceeds of an oration delivered by the 
Hon. Robert C. Winthrop in the Music Hall less than a month after the committee 
■was organized. A great fair held in the same place in November of the same year, 
and an appropriation of ten thousand dollars from the city, supplied the greater 
part of the needful funds, supplemented in 1868 by a contribution of five thousand 
dollars of the surplus remaining after the erection of the statue of Everett just 
mentioned. The contract forthe 
statue was made with Thomas 
Ball in December, 1859, and 
the model was completed in a 
* little more than four years. 
The war was then waging, and 
the foundries were all engaged 
upon work for the government. 
It was not until 1867 that a 
contract was made for the cast- 
ing with the Ames Manufac- 
turing Company, of Chicopee. 
The statue was unveiled on the 
3d of July, 1869. It is a mat- 
ter of no little local pride that 
all the artists and artisans em- 
ployed in its production were 
furnished by Massachusetts, 
without any help from aln-oad. 
The statue represents "Wash- 
ington at a different period of 
his life from that usually se- 
lected by artists, and is all the 
more effective and original on 
that account. The outline is graceful, and perfectly natural from every point of view, 
and the work reveals new beauties the more it is examined. It was cast in fourteen 
pieces, but the joints are invisible. The extreme height of the pedestal and statue 
is thirty-eight feet, the statue itself being twenty-two feet high. The foundation, 
which rests upon piles, is of solid masonry, eleven feet deep. The lamented Gov- 
ernor Andrew was one of the original committee which undertook the direction of 
this work, but he died before its completion. 

Close by one of the busiest spots in Boston is one of those ancient landmarks 
which the good sense and the good taste of its citizens have thus far preserved. It 
has been remarked that the in-egular piece of territory bounded by Beacon, Tremont, 
and Park Streets was originally a part of the Common. In 1660 it became neces- 
sary to appropriate new space to resting-places for the dead, and the thrifty habits 
of our forefathers would not suffer them to buy land for the purpose when they were 
already in possession of a great tract lying in common. Accordingly, in the year 
before mentioned, the graveyard now known as the Old Granary Burpng-ground 
was established. Two years afterwards, other portions of the territory now lost to 




THE W.-KSHINGTON STATUE. 



34 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Common were appropriated for sites for the bridewell, house of correction, 
almshouse, and public granary. The last-named building, which stood at first near 
the head of Park Street, and afterwards on the present site of the meeting-house, 
gave to the burylng-ground the name by which it is so commonly designated. This 
is, without exception, the most interesting of the old Boston graveyards. Within 
this little enclosure lie the remains of some of the most eminent men in the histoiy 

of Massachusetts and 
^> the country. The 
list includes no less 
thin nine Governors 
of the Colony and 
State ; two of the 
signers of the Dec- 
laiition of Indepen- 
dence ; Paul Revere, 
the patriotic me- 
chanic ; Peter Fan- 
euil, the donor of 
the market - house 
and hall that bear 
his name ; Judge 
Samuel Sewall ; six 
famous doctors of 
divinity ; the first 
mayor of Boston ; 
and a great many 
others of whom ev- 
ery student of Amer- 
ican histoi-y has read. 
Upon the front of 

one of the tombs, on the side next to Park Street Church, is a small white marble 
slab with the inscription, "No. 16. Tomb of Hancock," which is all that marks 
the resting-place of the famous first signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
and the first Governor of Massachusetts under the Constitution. In another part 
of the yard is the grave of the great Revolutionary patriot and Governor of the 
Commonwealth, Samuel Adams. Near the Tremont House corner of the burying- 
ground are the graves of the victims of the Boston Massacre of 1770. The most 
conspicuous monument is that erected in 1827 over the grave where repose the 
parents of Benjamin Franklin ; it contains the epitaph composed by the great 
man, who, " in filial regard to their memory, placed this stone." Even the briefest 
reference to the notable persons who lie buried here would extend this sketch unduly. 
The view on this page was made for a former edition of this work. The row of 
stately but then already mutilated elms, which stood in front of the burying-ground 
at the time, have since been cut down. They were imported from England, and 
after having been for a time in a nursery at Milton, were set out here by Captain 
Adino Paddock, from whom the mall now takes its name, in or about 1762. Pad- 




ENTRANCE TO THE GRANARY BURYING-GROUND. 



BOSTQN ILLUSTRATED. 



35 



dock was a loyalist, and a leader of the party in Boston. He left town with the 
British troops in 1776, removed to Halifax, and thence went to England ; but upon 
receiving a government appointment in the Island of Jersey he removed thither, and 
lived there until his death, in 1807. He was a carriage-builder, and his shop stood 
opposite the row of trees which he planted and cared for. The elms were carefully 
protected during the occupation of the town by the British. Until within a few years 
'their right to cast a grateful shade upon the throng of pedestrians constantly passing 
and repassing on Tremont Street was respected. But in spite of very strong re- 
monstrances by the press and private citizens they were at last cut down. They 
had previously been mutilated in the most uncalled-for manner, perhaps pur- 
posely to prepare the way, by taking away their giace and beauty, for the iinal 
destruction. 

The large open spaces in this part of the city have made it a desirable section for 
residences. It is but lately that business has driven almost all the inhabitants of 
houses on the easterly side of Tremont Street to remove elsewhere in Boston. The 
other streets that bound the public grounds have not been invaded. Boylston, 
Arlington, Park, and Beacon Streets are 
still among the favorite streets in the 
city for dwelling:houses. The last-named 
street is, perhaps, the gi'eatest favorite of 
all, especially upon the hill opposite the 
Comm.on, and upon the water side below 
Charles Street. Near the top of the hill, 
on this street, stood, until a few years 
ago, the Hancock mansion, one of the 
most famous of the old buildings of Bos- 
ton that have been compelled to make vi^ 
way for modern improvements. This 
house was in itself and in its surround- 
ings one of the most elegant mansions in 
the city, though the style of architecture 
had wholly gone out of fashion long be- 
fore it was taken down. It was built 
by Thomas Hancock in 1737, and was inherited by Governor John Hancock. 
Both uncle and nephew were exceedingly hospitable, and were accustomed to en- 
tertain the Governor and Council and other distinguished guests annually 'on "Ar- 
tillery Election Day" ; and it is said that every Governor of Massachusetts under the 
Constitution, until the demolition, .was entertained once at least within this mansion. 
The house was taken down in 1863, and on the site now stand two of the finest free- 
stone-front houses in the city. 

Not far away, on the corner of Beacon and Park Streets, is the spacious mansion of 
the late George Ticknor. This house was erected many years ago, and was at first 
designed to be very much larger than it was subsequeutly when occupied. The 
original owner erected the corner house and the two adjoining dwelling-liouses on 
Beacon Street as a single residence, but the plan was afterwards clianged, and what 
Was originally intended for one dwelling-house became three, all of ample size. 




THE OLD HANCOCK HOUSE. 



36 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Mr. Ticknor bought the corner house of the late Harrison Gray Otis, and hegan 

to reside there about the year 1830 ; and it was his Boston home until his death in 

1870. 

On the slope of the hill, nearly opposite the foot of the Common, stands the 

dwelling-house occupied by Mr. Ticknor's friend, the historian Prescott, during 

the last fourteen 
years of his life. 
It is unpreten- 
tious in archi- 
tecture, but it 
was fitted mth- 
in in a style of 
gi'eat elegance, 
and was ar- 
ranged specially 
with reference 
to Mr. Pres- 
cott's infirmity 
of blindness. 
In it the great- 
er part of the 
work upon his 
famous histo- 
ries of the vari- 
ous Spanish 
conquests was 
done. To this 
house he re- 
MR. prescott's residence, beacon street. moved in 1845 

from his former home in Bedford Street, and in it he died in 1859. 

Our space does not admit of a full account of the filling in of the Back Bay lands, 
— that great improvement by which hundreds of acres have been added to the 
territorial extent of Boston and millions of dollars put into the State treasury. 
A few facts and dates only can be given. Private enterprise had already suggested 
this great improvement when the State first asserted its right to a part of the flats 
in 1852.« The owners of land fronting on the water had claimed and exercised 
the right to fill in to low-water mark. In this way the Neck, south of Dover 
Street, had been very greatly widened. Commissioners were appointed in 1852 to 
adjust and decide all questions relating to the rights of claimants of flats, and to 
devise a plan of improvement. Progi'css was necessarily slow where so many inter- 
ests were involved, but at last all disputes were settled, and the filling was be- 
gun in good earnest. No appropriation has ever been made for work to be done 
on the Commonwealth's flats ; the bills have been more than paid from the'very 
start by the sales of land. The most recent reports of the commissioners show 
that the proceeds of sales have reached the sum of nearly four million dollars, 
and the total expenses have been less than a million and three quarters, leaving 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



37 



more than two million dollars net profit to the Commonwealth. About half a mil- 
lion feet of land still remain unsold, and it is expected that a million and a half of 
dollars clear profit will be realized from it. This is altogether independent of the 
laud filled by the Boston Water Power Company, and by other corporations and 
individual owners. It was originally intended that there should be in the district 




COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. 



filled by the State a sheet of water, to be called Silver Lake, but the idea was sub- 
sequently abandoned. A very wide avenue was, however, laid out through it, to be 
in the nature of a park, and the plan is in process of being carried out. When 
completed. Commonwealth Avenue will be a mile and a half in length, with a width 
of two hundred and forty feet between the hoiises on each side. Through the centre 
runs a long park in which rows of trees have been planted, and these will, in time, 
make this avenue one of the most beautiful parks in the country. There are wide 
driveways on either side ; and the terms of sale compel the maintenance of an open 
space between each house and the ample sidewalks. In the centi-e of the park, near 
Arlington Street, stands the gi'anite statue of Alexander Hamilton, presented to 
the city in 1865 by Thomas Lee, Esq., who subsequently erected, at his own ex- 
pense, the "Ether Monument" in the Public Garden, before mentioned. Beacon 
Street has been extended to the Brookline boundary, and a very large part of the 
land filled and sold by the Commonwealth, between Beacon and Boylston Streets, 
has been built upon. The nomenclature of the streets in this territory is ingenious, 
and far preferable to the lettering and numbering adopted in other cities. To the 
north of Commonwealth Avenue is Marlborough Street, and to the south Newbury 
Street, which names were formerly applied to parts of Washington Street, before it 
was consolidated. The streets running north and soutli are named alphabetically, 
alternating three syllables and two, — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, 
and so on. 

Within the limits of the West End district are many of the finest churches in 
the city proper, and the movement of the religious societies westward and south- 
ward is exhibiting no signs of cessation. Some of the oldest societies in town. 



38 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



have already emigrated to the Back Bay, and the more ancient parts of the city, 
whence population has largely removed, are comparatively bare of houses of worship. 
This is particularly true of the central section, now almost exclusively devoted to 
business. 

"The First Church in Boston," Unitarian, properly claims the first attention. 

^ Allusion has been made al- 

tL "^^ ready to the first and second 

houses of this society, in State 
and Washington Streets. The 
site of Joy's Building, near 
State Sti-eet, was used by the 
society from 1639 until 1807, 
when it removed to Chauncy 
Street, and thence in Decem- 
ber, 1868, to the new edifice 
on the corner of Marlborough 
and Berkeley Streets. This 
church was built at a cost of 
two hundred and seventy-five 
thousand dollars, and is one 
of the most beautiful speci- 
mens of architecture in Bos- 
ton. Especially fine are the 
carriage-porch and the vesti- 
bule on the Berkeley Street 
front. The windows are all 
of colored glass, and were exe- 
cuted in England. The organ, 
which is one of the best in 
the city, was manufactured in Germany by the builders of the Music Hall organ. In 
every part of the building, within and without, are evidences of excellent taste and 
judgment, such as can seldom be seen in the churches of this country. The church 
can seat nearly one thousand persons. 

On the corner of Boylston and Arlington Streets stands the first church erected 
on the Back Bay lands of the Commonwealth. This society, like that of the First 
Church, is attached to the Unitarian denomination. It is, however, the successor 
of the first Presbyterian church gathered in Boston. It was established in 1727, 
and its first place of worship was a barn, somewhat transformed to adapt it to its 
new use, at the corner of Berry Street and Long Lane, now Channing and Federal 
Streets. The second house, on the same site, was erected in 1744, and witliin it met 
the Convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States on the part of 
Massachusetts, in 1788. It was from this circumstance that Federal Street received 
its name. In 1786 the Church had become small in numbers, and by a formal vote 
it renounced the Presbyterian form and adopted the Congregational system. Having 
occupied for fifty years the third house on the original site, erected in 1809, the 
society was compelled, by the invasion of business and the removals of its people, 




FIRST CHURCH, BERKELEY STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



39 



to build the house in which it now worships. During the nearly one hundred and 
fifty years since the foundation of this society, it has had but six pastors, though there 
was one interval of ten years when it had no regular pastor. The most noted of this 

brief list was the __^ _^.__ 

Kev. Dr. Chan- 
ning, who was 
pastor from 1803 
until his death in 
1842. The Rev. 
Ezra S. Gannett 
was ordained 
and installed as 
colleague pastor 
in 1824, and re- 
mained col- 
league and sole 
pastor until his 
melancholy 
death in August, 
1871, in the ter- 
rible accident at - 
Revere. The va- 
cancy has been 
filled by the _ 
choice of the •' 
Rev. John F. ''- 
W. "Ware, late- 
ly of Baltimore. 
The church, on 

Arlington Street, is built of freestone, and is a fine structure, though less ornate in its 
architecture than many others. Its tower contains an excellent chime of bells. 

The early settlers of New England were not quite so tolerant towards other creeds 
than their own as they wished others to be to theirs. This is illustrated by their 
treatment of the Baptists. The doctrine of that denomination was pronounced 
"abominable," and those who held it were subject to annoyances without number. In 
1665 a church was formed in Charlestown in conformity with the permission of the 
King's commissioners to all people to worship God as they chose. But as soon as the 
representatives of the crown were gone the court summoned the members to answer 
for not attending church. When they pleaded in defence their own "meeting," the 
court regarded it as an additional aggravation, and fined all the culprits. They re- 
fused to pay and were sent to jail, where they remained three years. When at last 
they petitioned to be released, the former judgment was confirmed, and they were sent 
back to prison. The persecution continued, and generally with considerable activity, 
until 1680. Two years before that time the Baptists erected their first meeting-house, 
and having a well-grounded fear that if their purpose was discovered it would be 
thwarted, they did not allow it to be known until the building was completed for what 




ARLINGTON STREET CHURCH. 



40 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



object it was intended. Even after it had been occupied the society found the door 
nailed up one Sunday morning by the marshal, by the order of the court. However, 

to-day the Baptist denomination may 
truly claim to be occupying a build- 
ing whose spire reaches farther to- 
wards heaven than that of any other 
church in the city. There have been 
fourteen pastors of this church in a 
little more than two hundred years. 
The pastorate of the Rev. Dr. Neale, 
who is yet officiating, has extended 
over a period of thirty-sLx years, and 
is the longest but one on the list of 
Boston clergymen. The building on 
Somerset Street was erected in 1858. 
It is of brick covered with mastic ; the 
spire is two hundred feet high, and the 
church itself stands on higher gi'ound 
than any other in Boston. 

Between the Common and the Gran- 
ary Burying-ground stands one of the 
leading churches of the Trinitarian 
Congregational denomination. The 
congregation of Park Street Church 
was gathered in 1809. It took at once, 
and has ever since maintained, a prom- 
inent position among the churches of 
the city. Its pastors have been able 
and popular men, the last of whom 
was the brilliant preacher and elo- 
quent lecturer, the Eev. W. H. H. 
Murray. Mr. Miirray's pastorate extended over six years, and during its continu- 
ance the church was uniformly crowded with interested and attentive listeners. It 
is understood that a church is to be gathered and a large house of worship erected by 
the friends and admirers of Mr. Murray. No pastor has yet been found by the Park 
Street Society to take the place made vacant by his resignation. 

The history of the society known as the Central Church is brief. The congregation 
was gathered in 1835 to worship in the Odeon, under the name of the Franklin 
Church. In May, 1841, the corner-stone of a new church was laid on Winter Street, 
and the edifice having been completed, was dedicated on the last day of the same 
year, the society having a week previously assumed its present name. The transfor- 
mation of "Winter Street into a great centre of retail trade compelled the abandon- 
ment of the church on this site, and in the fall of 1867 the present elegant house, 
which had been several years ia building, was dedicated. It is built of Roxbury 
stone with sandstone trimmings, and cost, including the land, upwards of three hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. A heavy debt, which for some time oppressed 




SOMERSET STREET, WITH CHURCH. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



41 



the society in con- 
sequence of this 
enormous expendi- 
ture, has lately been 
wholly extinguished. 
The great gale of 
September, 1860, 
blew over one of the 
pinnacles of the 
spire, which is tho 
tallest in the city, 
upon the main build- 
ing, .and caused se- 
rious damage, which 
required several 
months to repair. 
The interior of this 
church, notwith- 
standing an excess 
of color, is remarka- 
bly beautiful. 

The latest comers 
to the Back Bay 
lands are three important 
societies, one of which is 
Unitarian, a second Trinita- 
rian Congregational, and the 
third Episcopalian. The his- 
tory of the Brattle Square 
Church has already been told 
in the preceding chapter ; 
that of the Old South Society 
still properly belongs in tho 
chapter describing the dis- 
trict wherein the old church 
still stands. The iiistory of 
Trinity, whose old house was 
destroyed while the new one 
is yet unfinished, may be 
told here. Trinity parish is 
an offshoot from tlie King's 
Chapel congregation. In 
1728 that church had be- 
come so crowded that it was 
proposed to erect a new Epis- 
copal church for the southern 
part of the town. It was not, 
however, until 1734, that the 




PARK STREET CHURCH. 




CENTRA!, CHURCH, BERKELEY STREET. 



42 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



comer-stone of Trinity was laid at the corner of Haw- 
ley and Summer Streets. In 1735 the building was 
opened for worship, and some years later the Rev. 
Addington Davenport became its first rector. The 
ongmal edifice was of wood, with neither tower nor 
external ornament It was a plain, barn-like struc- 
tuie, ■\\ith a gambrtl roof, and standing gable-end to 
_ ^ Summer Street. In- 

side, however, it was 
the most elegant 
church of the day in 
Boston, General 
"Washington attend- 
ed service in the old 
Trinity Church when 
he was in Boston in 
1789. This church 
very early became 
one of the most fa- 
mo us Episcopal 
churches in Massa- 
chusetts. Its rec- 
tors were men of re- 
markable eloquence, 
and perhaps there 
have been more bish- 
ops appointed from 
the list of its min- 
isters and assistant ministers than from any other church in the country. In 
1828 the old wooden structure was taken down, and the late handsome granite 
structure erected on its site. Until within a few years the congregation had 
been well accommodated in and entirely satisfied with its church building. But 
the growth of business all about it, driving the worshippers to the South and 
"West Ends, made Trinity inaccessible to very many of the old congregation. 
Just as the church was beginning to languish from this cause, the Kev. Phil- 
lips Brooks became its rector, and the condition of affairs was quickly changed. 
Previously members of the congregation who found themselves inconvenienced by 
the distance to church quietly dropped away and went somewhere else. This was 
not now to be thought of. The pews were all taken and all filled, and there arose a 
clamor' for a removal to a more eligible situation. All the preliminary steps had 
been taken when the fire of November, 1872, settled the matter irrevocably by de- 
stroying the old church. The church now building stands on the triangular lot of land 
at the junction of Huntington Avenue, Boylston Street, and Clarendon Street. It is 
to be in the form of a Latin Cross, with a very deep chancel. The tower will rise from 
four piers at the crossing of nave and transept. The architectural design is very 
fine, and the effect of the whole will be greatly heightened by the mosaic work of 




NEW OLD SOUTH 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 43 

polislied granite which will decorate the exterior of the chaucel. The tower of 
Trinity will be one of the most conspicuous in the city, not so much from its height 
as from its peculiarly massive form. 

The edifice of the Old South Society, now erecting on the comer of Boylston and 
Dartmouth Streets, consists of a group of buildings, — church, chapel, and parson- 
age, with a frontage of 200 feet on Boylston Street and 90 on Dartmouth Street. 
The walls are built of Koxbury stone, with dressings of Ohio and Connecticut free- 
stone. A fine tower, standing midway on the Dartmouth Street front, will rise to 
a height of about 235 feet. A lantern of copper, on the main roof, forms a promi- 
nent feature of the design, and with its twelve windows will throw ample light into 
the audience-room. The windows in the walls of the church are glazed with stained 
glass, imported from London, enriched by pictorial subjects from the New Testa- 
ment. Both the exterior and the interior of the church are rich in carving in 
stone and wood. Especially noticeable are an arched screen of Caen stone, with 
shafts of Sienna marble, whicli separates the chief vestibule from the church, 
and another screen of wood enclosing the pulpit and carrying a choir gallery. 
Thei-e are three fine panels of Venetian mosaic, filling the heads of the arches 
of as many doorways. The interior finish of the church is of cherry. There are 
about 900 sittings. The chapel and parsonage have akeady been completed and 
occupied. 

Only two blocks distant is the new church of the Brattle Square Society, which 
stands on the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Clarendon Street, fronting on 
the fonner. The building is in the form of a Greek Cross. The material is Roxbury 
stone. The idea of the architect seems to have been massiveness and solidity, and 
tliis appearance is maintained everywhere, externally and internal!}'. The most 
striking feature of the building architecturally is the square, ponderous tower with 
its carved figures near the top. The stone in which these figures are cut was 
rough when placed in position, and the four scenes and the four statues of angels 
blowing their gilded trumpets were cut afterwards. The interior of the church, 
whicli is remarkably fine, realizes the idea of a dim religious light. There is a very 
large organ, the rich coloring of which adds greatly to the effect. The church was 
dedicated and occupied in December, 1873. 

At the corner of St. James Avenue and Dartmouth Street stands the new build- 
ing of the iluseum of Fine Arts, an institution that has been established on a 
very liberal foundation by the contributions of wealthy citizens. The building is of 
red brick with buff and red terra-cotta work, of which all the copings, mouldings, 
and ornamented work consist. Within are two open courts, which furnish light 
to the rooms devoted to the display of works of art. The intended arrangement 
of the art rooms will locate sculpture on the lower floors, wliile above will be large 
and well-lighted picture-galleries. Externally, the building is one of the most 
beautiful in the city, not so much however in the general outline, which is emi- 
nently satisfactory both in its effect as a whole and in detail, as in the rich and 
tasteful ornamentation, and in the admirable use of color in the materials em- 
ployed. The terra-cotta work particularly, to which no small engraving could do 
justice, adds greatly to the richness of the general appearance, and the building 
as a whole promises to be a worthy setting for the treasures of art that are to be 



44 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gathered within its walls. As is mentioned elsewhere, the collections of the Bos- 
ton Athenaeum are ultimately to be transferred to this Museum, and many other 
works of art, some of them of great value and of world-wide repiitation, are await- 
ing the completion of the building to be removed thither. 

The Public Library of Boston is one of the most beneficent institutions that has 
been conceived by its public-spirited and liberal citizens. The immense library, 
which has been collected in the short space of twenty-three years, is valuable not 

only from the vari- 
ety, excellence, and 
number of volumes 
it contains, but from 
its accessibility. It 
is absolutely open to 
all, and no assess- 
ment, direct or in- 
diiect, is levied upon 
those who make use 
of its privileges. Cit- 
izens and residents 
of Boston only, how- 
ever, are allowed to 
cairy books away 
from the building. It 
is conducted, too, on 
the most liberal prin- 
ts ciples. If a purchas- 
^pfi able book not in the 
'T=z library is asked for, 
it is ordered at once ; 
and the inquirer for 
it is notified when it 

is received. Although the idea of a free public library had been entertained much 
earlier, it was not until 1852 that this institution was actually established. Very 
soon after the board of trustees was organized, Joshua Bates, Esq., a native of 
Massachusetts, but at that time of the house of Baring Brothers & Co., of London, 
gave to the city the sum of fifty thousand dollars, the income of which he desired 
should be expended in the purchase of books. The upper hall of the library build- 
ing has been named Bates Hall in compliment to him. Generous donations and 
bequests by many wealthy and large-hearted men and women have swelled the per- 
manent fund of tlie Public Libraiy to one hundred and five thousand dollars. The 
number of books added during the year ending May, 1875, was nearly 20,000, and 
of jiamphlets, about 17,000, making a total at the date of the last Report of 275,000 
books, besides such of the 150,000 pamphlets added to the library as have not been 
bound singly or in groups and included in the number .of volumes just stated. The 
circulation during the last year amounted to nearly 800,000 separate issues. The 
Boston Public Library is thus the first in the country in the number of issues, about 




BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



45 



equal in tlie number of volumes to the Library of Congress. The library, which has 
been in its present quarters only about seventeen years, has outgrown the original 
capacity of the building, and various devices have to be resorted to in order to 
accommodate the large number of new volumes added annually. In 1871 the 
library of Spanish and Portuguese books and manuscripts belonging to the late 
George Ticknor, Esq., were placed in the library, in accordance with his will. This 
alone added more than 4,000 volumes and manuscripts to the library, and to pro- 
vide for future accessions the interior was remodelled largely, the result being to 
increase the capacity of the hall from 200,000 to 350,000 volumes. In 1873 the 
famous Barton Library of New York, numbering about 12,000 volumes, one of the 
finest private libraries in the country, and especially rich in Shakespearian litera- 
ture, was purchased. Alterations are also contemplated to increase the capacity of 
the Lower Hall (central popular department), which is becoming crowded. Branches 
of the Boston Public Library have been opened in East and South Boston, Eoxbury, 
and Dorchester, while the libraries of Charlestown and Brighton became branches 
by annexation. These branches have from four to eighteen tliousand volumes each. 

The building 
of the Boston 
Athenseura, sit- 
uated on Bea- 
con Street, not 
far from the 
head of Park 
Street, is an 
elegant struc- 
ture, built of 
freestone, in 
the later Ital- 
ian style of ar- 
chitecture. 
The corner- 
stone was laid 
in April, 1847, 
and the build- 
ing, which cost 
nearly 200,000 
dollars, was oc- 
cupied in 1849. 
Within it is a 
library, now 
containingover 

100,000 volumes ; a reading-room and an art gallery. The scientific library of 
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which Benjamin Franklin was 
once a member, is also kept in the eastern room of the lower floor. The Athenfeum 
had its origin in a magazine called the "Monthly Anthology," which was first 
published in 1803. Soon after, an association of men zealous for literature was 




BOSTON ATHEN^UM. 



46 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



organized, and took the name of tlie Anthology Club. A public library and read- 
ing-room established by this club was the nucleus of the Boston Athenffium, 
•which was incorporated by the Legislature under that name in 1807. The first 
library room was in Congress Street, but the quarters having become too contracted, 
Mr. James Perkins, in 1821, conveyed to the Athenseiun his own mansion in Pearl 
Street, — an exceedingly valuable gift, — and the society, having removed thither, 
remained there until the completion of the new building in Beacon Street. The 
Athenajum is not a public institution. The right to use the library is confined to the 
holders (and their families) of about one thousand shares, of whom only about six 
hundred pay the annual assessment that entitles them to take books from the library. 
The management is, however, very liberal towards strangers, and the attendants are 
unremitting in their attentions to visitors. There is an absence of "red tape" in 
the general direction of the library that not only makes it one of the most delightful 
literary homes to be found anywhere, but proves that nothing is lost by trusting to 
the good taste and sense of propriety of those who resort thither. The gallery of 
art contains a fine collection of paintings, many of them by famous artists, to which 
the general public is admitted on the payment of a small fee. It is expected that 
this collection will be transferred to the Museiun of Fine Arts, when the building 
now erecting is completed, and thereafter the whole building will be given up to the 
library and reading-room. The funds of the Athenaeum, of which the income is 
applicable to the uses of the institution, now amount to more than a quarter of a 
million dollars, beside the real estate and the library, paintings, and statuary, which 
are valued at upwards of $400,000. Last year there were added to the library 
upwards of 3, 000 volumes at a cost of about $ 8, 000, in which, however, was in- 
cluded the expense of periodicals subscribed for, binding, etc. 

On the lot bounded by Berkeley, Newbury, Clarendon, and Bo3dston Streets stand 
two more of the semi-public institutions of Boston, and both connected with the 

practical educa- 
tion of the peo- 
ple. Nearest to 
Berkeley Street 
on the right of 
our view is the 
building of the 
Boston Society 
of Natural His- 
tory, incorporat- 
ed in 1831. The 
early days of the 
society formed 
a period of con- 
stant struggle 
for existence, 
from lack of the 
necessary funds. 
But the munifi- 

SOCIETV OF NATtniAL HISTORY AND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY. CCnCe Of SCVefal 




BOS TO IT ILLUSTRATED. 



47 



citizens, — one of whom, Dr. William J. "Walker, gave, during his life and in his will, 
sums amounting in the aggregate to nearly two hundred thousand dollars, — and the 
grant of the land on which the huilding stands, by the State, in 1861, have raised 
it from its poverty, and given it a position of great usefulness and a reasonable degree 
of prosperity. The cabinet of this society, which is exceedingly rich in very many 
branches of natural history, is open to the public for several hours on every Wed- 
nesday and Saturday, and this opportunity is made use of by gi-eat numbers of citi- 
zens and strangers. There is also a fine library connected with the institution, and 
during the season interesting courses of lectures are delivered. 

The Institute of Technology was founded in 1861 for the purpose of giving in- 
stractian in applied science and the industrial arts. The published plan of the 
institution declares it to be "devoted to the practical arts and sciences," with a 
triple organization as a society of arts, a museum or conservatory of arts, and a 
school of industrial science and art. The land for the purpose was given by the 
State, and the Institute receives one third of the grant made by Congress to the 
State for the purpose of establishing a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts. 
The museum already collected includes photographs, prints, drawings, and casts, to 
illustrate architec- 
ture ; models of va- 
rious kinds to give 
practical instruction 
in geometry, mechan- 
ics, and building ; 
machinery of many 
patterns to illustrate 
mechanical move- 
ments ; models of 
mining machinery, 
and a great variety 
of other useful arti- 
cles. The school 
provides ten courses 
of study, — in me- 
chanical engineer- 
ing, civil and topo- 
graphical engineer- 
ing, chemistry, ge- 
ology and mining 
engineering, build- 
ing and architecture, 
science and litera- 




VIEW OF PARK STREET. 



ture, natural- history, metallurgy, physios, and philosophy. By the last published 
catalogue, there were 283 students from nineteen States of the Union and four for- 
eign countries. Degrees and diplomas are conferred on the gi-aduates, according to 
the course or courses of study pursued. The institution is doing a work of great 
usefulness. The building is an elegant structure of pressed brick with freestone 



48 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



trimmings. It is intended to erect another building for tlie museum of the In- 
stitute. 

The new building, on Boylston Street, between Clarendon and Dartmouth Streets, 
of the Chauucy-Hall School, — the oldest and in some respects most celebrated 
private school in Boston, — deserves mention rather from its internal arrangement 
than for its outward appearance, although the exterior is attractive and shapely. 

The health of pupils 
was not only the 
first consideration in 
planning it, but it 
might almost be 
said, the only indis- 
pensable condition. 
The arrangements 
for heating and ven- 
tilating are perfect. 
Each of the rooms 
is ventilated by 
means of two large 
ducts, one at the 
to)) and the other at 
the bottom of the 
room, opening into 
large ventilating- 
shafts, built from 
the foundation up 
and out through the 
roof. The devices 
for forcing currents 
of air through these 
shafts, for furnish- 
ing to each room in- 
dependently a full 
supply of fresh air, 

without opening windows, for regulating the temperature of the air, A\hich whether 
heated or not is always pouring in, are remarkable and interesting. They are also 
successful. Another point to which special attention has been given is the construc- 
tion of the school furniture. This was all designed with sole reference to the health 
and physical training of the pupils. The desks and chairs were adopted after exami- 
nation and approval by a committee of surgeons of the highest rank. The desks 
are so arranged that they may be changed from the angle suitable for -wTiting 
to another which causes the least straining of the eyes in reading books placed 
upon it. Equally careful attention is paid to the manner in which light is intro- 
duced. The construction of the walls and floors makes them substantially fire- 
proof. The Chaxrncy-Hall School was founded as long ago as 1828, and was at first 
located in Chauncy Street. Its present building was built and is owned by a stock 
company consisting of old graduates of the school, many of them being mow 




CHAUNCY-HALL SCHOOL. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



49 



leading citizens of Boston. It receives pupils of both sexes and of all ages. Chil- 
dren of only four years are received and instructed in a kindergarten, and young 
men leave the school every year to enter the Institute of Technology or Harvard 
College, while special students in various branches come to it from all parts of the 
Union. This school was the first in Boston to adopt the military drill. It has 
nineteen teachers and about three hundred pupils in all. 

The Union Club of Boston was founded in the year 1863, for "the encouragement 
and dissemination of patriotic sentiment and opinion," and the condition of mem- 
bership was "unqualified loyalty to the Constitution of the Union of the United' 
States, and unwavering sujiport of the Federal Government in efforts for the sup- 
pression of the Eebellion." Its organization is continued to promote social inter- 
course, and to afford the conveniences of a club-house. A spacious private mansion, 
formerly the residence of the late Abbott Lawrence, on Park Street, was remodelled 
internally to fit it for the latter use. The membership, which is limited to six 
hundred, includes many of the best and wealthiest citizens of Boston. It has at 
present no political character, however, and the condition of membership quoted 
above has been removed. Our sketch gives a view of Park Street, with the resi- 
dence of the late George Ticknor and the Union Club House in the foreground. 

The Somerset Club 
was organized in the. 
year 1852, having gi-own 
out of another organiza- 
tion known as the Tre- 
mont Club, and is now, 
as it has always been 
since it took its present 
name, a club for purely 
social purposes. The 
membershiji was for- 
merly limited to two 
hundred and fiftj^, but it 
was afterwards increased 
to four hundred and 
fifty, and will soon reach 
the limit, more recently 
fixed, of six hundred. 
The Somerset Club occu- 
pied until the year 1872 
the elegant mansion at 
the corner of Somerset 
and Beacon Streets, now 
occupied by the various 
societies connected with 
the Congregational de- 

BEACON STREET. - THE SOMERSET CLUB. nOmiuation. At that 

time the club purchased the magnificent granite-front mansion on Beacon Street, 
represented in tlie accompanying sketch. This Imuse was built by the late David 




50 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Sears, Esq., for a private residence. The club found it necessary to make little 
alteration in the arrangement of the rooms, but it has thoroughly refitted aud fur- 
nished them, and added other buildings. 

The Charles River basin, enclosed between Beacon and Charlas Streets and the 
bridge to Cambridge, has long been a favorite course for boat-racing. Upon it are 
held the regattas provided by the city for the entertainment of the people on the 
Fourth of Jul}', and private regattas at other times. At the head of the course is 
situated the Union Boat-Club House, an attractive structure, in the Sw-iss style of 
architecture, having a water frontage of eighty-two feet and commanding a fine view 
of the river. 
The gymna- 
sium, club 
committee, 
dressing and 
bathing 
rooms, are 
especially 
adapted to 
comfort and 
convenience, 
and superior 
boating ac- 
commoda- 
tions are pi o- 
vided for the 
memb ei s 
The club V as 
organized 
May 26, 
1851, and, 
with perhaps 
one excep- 
tion, is the 
oldest boat- 
ing organiza- 
tion in the 
country. The 

present building was completed July 3, 1870. The Union had the honor of intro- 
ducing on the Charles the style of rowing without a coxswain, and in September, 
1853, rowed a race at Hull in which, for the first time in the United States, the 
boat was steered over the course by the bow oar. They were also instrumental in 
getting up the first wherry race on the river, July 4, 1854, won by the then coxswain 
of the club. In 1857, the Unions were at the height of their glory, and in June of 
that year won from the "Harvards" the celebrated Beacon cup, the most beautiful 
prize ever offered in Massachusetts for such a race. Champion cups, colors, oars, 
and medals are among the trophies of the members, won principally previous to the 




UNION BOAT-Cmu, LHAKLKb klVtK. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



51 



Rebellion, to ■wliicli date the supremacy of the diaries was held hy the Union. 
Since the. construction of the new house the club has rapidly gained in numbers, and 
now has one hundred and thirty active members. 

The new station of the Boston and Providence Eailroad, although surpassed in 
size by a few structures of the kind, is inferior to none, in this country at least, in 
artistic beauty and in adaptability to the uses for which it was designed. The 
building was fully occupied early in 1875. It consists of two distinct but connected 
parts. The train-house has a length of five hundred and eighty-eight feet and 
an extreme width of one hundred and thirty feet. The great iron trusses cover 
five tracks and three platforms. The head-house is two hundred and twelve feet 
long, and one hundred and fifty feet wide at the widest point, the lot on which 




PROVIDENCE KAILROAD STATION. 



it stands being very irregular in shape. In the centre of the head-house is a great 
marble hall, one hundred and eighty feet long, forty-four broad, and eighty high. 
It is imposing in its general effect and magnificent in its architectural beauty 
and its ornamentation. Surrounding this hall are the waiting and other rooms 
for the accommodation of passengers, a cafe, periodical stand, baggage and package 
rooms, etc. These are all models of their kind. The passenger-rooms have im- 
mense maps of the territory served by the road and its connections, and tables of 
distances, painted on the walls. A barber-shop is attached to the news-room. A 



5^ 



Boston illustrated. 



fine gallery surromids the hall above mentioned at a height of twenty-one feet, and 
from this access is had to the offices of the company, the travellers' reading-room, 
the billiard-room, and other apartments. The cost of this station was nearly one 
million dollars. The Providence Kailroad has an excellent local business, serving a 
great number of the towns in Norfolk and Bristol Counties by its main line and 
branches ; and it also forms part of the popular Shore (all rail) and Stonington (rail 
and steamboat) lines to New York. 

In the immediate vicinity of the Providence station is the tract known as the 
Church Street district, where one of the most beneficial enterprises the city has ever 
undertaken has been carried out within a few years. The district was low, marshy, 
and unhealthy, but it was covered Avith permanent buildings. The city undertook 
to raise the whole district, and this it did at an expense of about a million dollars. 
In the course of this operation nearly three hundred brick buildings were raised, 
some of them fourteen feet, and the whole territory was filled in to a uniform height. 
A similar process has been going on for some time in the "Suffolk Street district," 
and is now nearly completed. 

On the corner of Beacon and Tremont Streets stands the Tremont House, a hotel 
that has for a long time enjoyed a deserved reputation for the excellence of its ac- 
commodations and its cuisine. This house received President Johnson as a guest 
when he visited Boston on the occasion of the dedication of the Masonic Temple in 
June, 1867. Its front r^ 
is imposing, though 
plain and devoid of 
ornamentation. Most 
of the leading hotels 
of Boston are in close 
proximity to the centre 
of business, and this is 
especiallj' true of the 
Tremont. Like them, 
it has lately been un- 
dergoing extensive im- 
provements which have 
made it more than ever 
worthy of the excellent 
reputation it bears. 
The Tremont House 
was originally built by 
a company of gentle- 
men; but it was, in 
1859, piirchased for the 
Sears estate, of which 
it now forms a part. 

The Tremont and Re- tremont house. 

Tere Houses are both under the same efficient management. 





BOSTON DAILY AND WEEKLY TRANSCRIPT, 

324 Washington, cor. Milk Street, 

Old number, 150 TTashington Street. 

DAIIiT TRANSCRIPT, Including Postage . . . . « 10.00 per annum. 

WEEBXY " " " . . . . S12.00 " 

FIVE EDITIONS DAIIT, AND All, THE JS'EWS. 



Each, 



in 8vo, paper covers- 50 
cents. 



LOCKWOdD, BROOKS, & CO., 

Publishers, Booksellers, and Stationers, 

381 (Old No. 219) WASHINGTON ST., 

Opposite Franklin Street, BOSTON, 

Tourists passing through the city should visit our store and examine our superb Stock of 
Books aud Stationery. AH New ENGLISH and AMERICAN BOOKS displayed 
on our counters as soon as published. Our Stock of FOREIGN AND AMERICAN 
STATIONERY is complete in aU respects. Assorted boxes of Fine Stationery, suitable for 
travellers, stamped at an hour's notice. 

GOOD BOOKS FOR TOURISTS. 

TAI.ES FOR TRAVEI.L,ERS. By Edwaed Everett Hale and other popular writers. 
ONE HUNDRED YEARS AGO; or, The Story of the Boston Massacre, Battle 

of Ijexing;ton, Siege of Boston, and Battle of Bunker Hill. By E. E. Hale. 

8vo. Paper covers. 25 cents. 

IN HIS NAME. A charming story, by E. E. Hale. 8vo. Paper. 50 cents. 
TEN TIMES ONE IS TEN. By E. E. Hale. 8vo. Paper. 50 cents. 

This series also comprises the following select Tales, by Mr. Hale and others : 
STAND AND AVAIT, and other Stories. 
TAL,E OF THE SIMPL,ON, and other Stories. 
NICOL,ETTE AND ARCASSIN, and other Stories. 
THE I,OST PAIiACE, and other Stories. I 

THIRTEEN GOOD STORIES. j 

These volumes are all printed from large type, and are particularly suited to railroad travel. 

LOCKWOOD, BROOKS, & CO., 

381 Washington, opposite Franklin Street. 

HiaHKST AlVARDS. 

American Institute Fair, New York, 1872. First 

Premium. 

Grand Medal of Progress, Vienna Exposition, 1873. 

Two Silver Medals, — one for best Machine and 

one for best Shuttle, — American Institute Fair, 

N. Y., 1874. 

Fifteen State and County Fairs, 1874, over all 
others. 

Report of the Massachusetts Charftable Me- 
chanic Association, Twelfth Exhibition, Boston, 
October and November 1, 1874. 
"No. 949, — SECOR SEWING MACHINES, — A. 
B. Lincoln, Agent: six Scwing-Machines. These 
rank as first-class Sewing-lMachines ; in their con- 
struction they combine many noticeable improve- 
ments ; elegant in design and superior in workman- 
ship. We award a silver medal." 

A. B. LINCOLN, Agent, 
147 Tremoiit Street. 




" Scientific Invention. — For centuries the human mind has been pressing forward to the standard 
of true excellence in the art of mechanism. Now the latest and fine.st piece of small machinery con- 
structed in this country is said to be a Sewing-Machine desisned and perfected by Jerome B. Secor, 
Esq., of Connecticut. We understand that the Secor Machine has been critically tested by the 
ablest meohanical judges in Europe and America, and is pronounced to excel in design, mechanical 
construction, and mode of operation, all its parts being made from the finest steel and highly polished. 
It is as perfect as the works of a AValtham watch, and is capable of sewing from the finest to the 
heaviest fabrics without changing its condition. In fact, no other machine has so few objections. 
We congratulate the citizens of IJoston and vicinity upon the arrival of the Secor Machine in our 
market, adapted as it is to your every want." — Boston Herald, January 23, 1875. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



53 



IV. THE CENTEAL DISTEICT. 

HE come now to a district smaller than either of those that have been 
described, but much more compact in form, and more crowded with 
buildings, which are at the same time by far the largest, the most 
elegant, and the most costly that the city can boast. It has already 
been remarked that the physical characteristics of Boston determined the limits 
within which mercantile business could have free and natural expansion. The sin- 
gular and unexplained movements of business, which, nevertheless, have their 
almost invariable rules, have given the North End up for the most part to retail 
establishments. In the immediate vicinity of the wharves some branches of whole- 





VIEW OF FRANKLIN STREET AS IT WAS BEFORE THE FIRE. 

sale trade still flourish ; in the neighborhood of Faneuil Hall there are large estab- 
lishments for the supply of household stores and furnishing goods of various 



54 



BOSrOX ILLUSTRATED, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. . 55 

descriptions ; and there are very few districts in the city which have not retail 
supply stores of all kinds in their immediate neighborhood. But in general it may 
be said that the district bounded by State, Coiu't, Tremont, Boylston, and Essex 
Streets is the business section of the city. State Street is the head-quarters of 
bankers and brokers, — the money-centre of the city. Pearl Street was until 1872 
the greatest boot and shoe market in the world, and a large part of the trade has 
now returned to the neighborhood. On Franklin, Chauncy, Summer, and Devon- 
shire Streets are the great establishments that make Boston the leading market of 
the coiintry for American dry-goods. Boston also stands first among American 
cities in its receipts and sales of wool, and the dealers in this staple are clustered 
within the district we have circumscribed. The wholesale merchants in iron, groceries, 
clothing, paper, in fancy goods and stationery, in books and pictures, in music and 
musical instruments, in jewelry, in tea, coffee, spices, tobacco, wines and liquors, — in 
fact, in all the articles that are necessities or luxuries of our modem civilized life, — 
have still their places of business within it. The retail trade, too, is domiciled here, 
convenient of access to dwellers in the city and shoppers from the suburbs. The army 
of lawyers is within the district, or just upon its borders. The great transportation 
companies have their offices here, supplemented by the express companies that per- 
form the same business upon a more limited, and yet, in another sense, upon a more 
extended scale. Most of the daily papers are congregated in the immediate vicinity 
of their advertising jjatrons. And finally, the people come to this part of the city, not 
only to obtain the every-day articles of use, but to listen to lectures, to applaud at 
musical concerts, to weep and smile over dramatic representations. By day and by 
night it is thronged, not by the inhabitants of the district, — for very few residents 
have been able to withstand the onset of business, — but by the dwellers in other 
cities and towns and in other parts of Boston. 

Much that is interesting in Boston's history has occurred in this part of the city, 
but very few of the buildings that are reminders of events long past remain. Even 
Fort Hill, one of the historical three, has been wholly removed, and the broad plain 
where it once stood is now available for building purposes. The earth thus removed 
was used in carrying forward two other gi-eat improvements, — the one to enlarge 
the facilities for rapid and economical transaction of business, the other to convert a 
low, swampy, and unhealthy neighborhood into a dry and well-drained district, — 
the grading of the marginal Atlantic Avenue and the raising of the Suffolk Street 
district. Some of the old landmarks yet remain, and, it is to be hoped, will long 
be permitted to remain as links between the present and the past. 

We have already referred several times to the great fire, which occurred on the 
9th and 10th of November, 1872. The history of that calamitous event has been 
often and fully told, and it need not be repeated here. "We reproduce but one of 
the sketches of the burned-over district contained in a former edition, — that which 
gives the most picturesque, while necessarily an inadequate idea of the scene of deso- 
lation that prevailed over sixty-five acres of temtory when the fire had at last been 
conquered. It is proper to repeat, however, a few statistics for preservation and 
reference. The fire broke out at the comer of Summer and Kingston Streets, at 
about eight o'clock on the evening of Saturday, November 9, 1872, and it did not 
cease to spread until late in the afternoon of Sunday, having burned twenty hoiirs. 



66 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



It destroyed 776 buildings, of which 709 were of brick or stone and 67 of wood. 
The valuation of these buUdings for purposes of taxation was $13,591,300, the true 
value about 1 18,000,000. The value of personal property destroyed was about 
$60,000,000. Fourteen persons lost their lives in the fire, of whom seven were fire- 
men. The sum of $ 320, 000 was raised in Boston alone, no outside help being ac- 
cepted, for the relief of distress and poverty caused by the fire, and a portion of the 
fund still remains available for future use when the need of it shall arise. 




THE SPOT WHERE THE FIRE BEGAN. 

Although the effects of the fire are still felt and will continue to be felt for a long 
time, the visible traces of it are almost completely effaced. There are probably fewer 
vacant lots on the territory swept over by the fire than there were on the morning 
before it occurred ; and the buildings in this part of the city are as a whole incom- 
parably more convenient, commodious, beautiful, and artistic than those which pre- 
ceded them. Let any one, for proof of this, stand at the head of Franklin Street and 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



57 



compare its present appearance with the faithful representation of its aspect before 
the tire given on another page. The dull uniformity of material and of architecture 
has given place to variety of form and color, to grace and beauty and tasteful orna- 
mentation. An appearance of solidity of structure was given to the plain, square 
heavy fronts ; but if this has disappeared, the buildings that now stand in their place 
are in reality better built, and will longer resist either the unsparing hand of Time 
or the malicious, tongue of Fire. 

Although this is pre-eminently the business section of the city, it contains several 
public and semi-public buildings which perhaps deserve the first attention. And the 
list should properly be headed by the magnificent City Hall, which is one of the 
most imposing and perfect specimens of architecture in the city. It has been said 
already that Faneuil Hall was occupied for town purposes from the time of its erec- 
tion until after the constitution of the city government. It was in 1830 that the city 
offices were removed to the Old State House, which had been remodelled for the pur- 
pose. But only a few years elapsed before it became absolutely necessary to remove 
thence. Successive city governments having refused to sanction the erection of a 
suitable City Hall, as recommended by nearly every mayor, the old Court House, 
which stood on a part of the site of the present City Hall, was converted into a 
city building in 1840, and all the offices of the city were removed thither. This 
was, however, but a temporary exjiedient, and the old difficulties began to arise 
again, with increased vexation to the crowded officers and the unfortunate public. 

In 1850 the ques- 
tion of making 
additions to the 
old City Hall or 
of erecting a new 
one reappeared in 
the city council ; 
and the records 
show that from 
that time hardly a 
year passed with- 
out a recommen- 
dation of decided 
action by the may- 
or, and an abortive 
attempt in the city 
council to pass an 
order for carrying 
that recommenda- 
tion into effect, 
until a beginning 
was finally made 
by the passage of 
the- necessary or- 
ders in 1862. The 
sum originally 




CITY HALL. 



58 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

asked for and appropriated was $160,000. The committee wliicli reported the plan 
expressed the belief " that the building as joroposed can be erected of suitable 
materials," for this sum, " if contracted for during the present year." The value of 
estimates is shown by the fact, that the building actually cost, before it was occu- 
pied, more than half a million dollars, of which less than seventy-five thousand dol- 
lars were paid for work not included in the original estimate. However, the people 
of Boston long ago ceased to complain of the unexpectedly large addition to what 
they had been at first asked- to invest in a city building. 

The corner-stone was laid on the 22d of December, 1862, — the anniversary of the 
landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The building was completed and dedicated 
on the 18th of September, 1865. The tablet in the wall back of the first landing 
perpetuates in beautifully worked marble the statement that the dedication took 
place on the 17th of September. That day would have been highly appropriate for 
the ceremony, being the two hundred and thirty-fifth anniversary of the settlement 
of Boston, had it not fallen on Sunday. The ceremony was accordingly postponed 
until the following day. 

The style in which this building has been erected is the Italian Renaissance, with 
modifications and elaboratioifs suggested by modern French architects. The mate- 
rial of the exterior is the finest Concord granite. The interior is equally as perfect 
in its an-angement as is the exterior in its beauty and richness. The Louvre dome, 
which is surmounted by an American eagle and a flagstaff", is occupied within by 
some of the most important offices of the city. Here is the central point of the fire- 
alarm telegraphs. An alarm from the most distant part of the city is communi- 
cated instantaneously to the watchful operator, who is on duty day and night ; and 
almost before the nervous hand that has given the alarm has done its work, the 
bells in all parts of the city are tolling out the number of the district in which a 
fire has been discovered, and the engines summoned to extinguish it are proceeding 
at full speed toward it. Most of the officers of the city have commodious and com- 
fortable quarters within the building. The city council had an eye from the first 
to the possibility that the building would by and by need to be enlarged to accom- 
modate the city government when Boston should have grown in importance and 
wealth and population. Thus, far, however the pressing necessity for more room has 
been met by hiring offices outside. 

In the lawn in front of the City Hall stands the bronze statue of Benjamin 
Franklin, which was formally inaugurated, with much pomp and ceremony, on the 
17th of September, 1856. It originated in a suggestion made by the Hon. Robert 
C. Winthrop, in an address before the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association 
in 1852. The association took irp the matter with, enthusiasm, and was joined by 
a large number of citizens. A public subscription to the amount of nearly $ 20,000 
furnished the means. The artist was Mr. R. S. Greenough, who was born almost 
within sight of the Boston State House, and all the work from beginning to end was 
done in the State. The statue is eight feet in height, and stands ujion a pedestal 
of verd antique marble, resting on a base of Quincy gi'anite. In the die are four 
sunken panels, in which are placed bronze medallions, each representing an impor- 
tant event in the life of the great Bostonian to whose memory the statue was raised. 

The Custom House, on State Street, was begun in 1837, two years after it had 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



69 



been authorized by Congress, and was twelve yeai's in building. It is in the form 
of a Greek cross, and the exterior is in the pure Doric style of architecture. The 
walls, columns, and even the entire roof, are of granite. The massive columns, 
which entirely surround the building, are thirty-two in number. Each of them is 

five feet two inches 
' " i-r"r^T - in diameter and 

thirty-two feet 
high, and weighs 
about forty-two 
tons. The building 
rests upon about 
three thousand 
piles. It is sup- 
posed to be entire- 
ly fireproof, and it 
is so undoubtedly 
from without. It 
cost upwards of a 
million dollars, in- 
cluding the site 
and the founda- 
tions. President 
Jackson signed the 
resolution author- 
izing its erection ; 
but President 
Polk's term had 
been nearly com- 
pleted when the 

new Custom House was first opened. It has already become somewhat dingy within, 
and is attractive only after the spring and fall cleaning and whitewashing. 

On the 16th of October, 1871, was laid the corner-stone of what is already the 
finest public building in New England, and which will ultimately be also second in 
size only to the Few York Post-OfRce. Our sketch shows the new Post-Oflice as it is. 
It has a front of over two hundred feet on Devonshire Street, occupying the whole 
square between Milk and Water Streets, and it is, sooner or later, to be extended 
to Congi-ess Street, nearly doubling the area at present covered. The following 
description of the architect's design was printed in the newspapers, on the occa- 
sion of the laying of the corner-stone : "A noble basement or street story of 
twenty-eight feet in height, formed by a composition of pilasters and columns resting 
on heavy plinths or pedestals of the sidewalk level, and crowned with an entablature, 
carries two stories above it, botli of which are enriched by ornate windows, and dress- 
ings admirably in keeping with the best examples of the style selected. The princi- 
pal entablature of the exterior walls will be singularly eff'ective in detail, upon which 
will be seated one of the most conspicuous roofs yet introduced in any structure, 
public or private, erected in this country. In the several faces of the street sides of 




LU-SloM-Hut. : 



60 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



this roof are to he placed highly hurnished dormer windows, intended to he con- 
structed of stone or iron, ahove which the top of the roof will be finished with 
cornice and facia, forming the seating of the bronze grille, intended to enclose the 
entire upper section or flat of the roof. In idealizing the roof of the structure, the 
architect has introduced several exceedingly novel and expressive features of finish, 
avoiding, it is believed, the sameness of expression which too often characterizes the 
' Louvre ' and * Mansard ' roofs. The Devonshire Street facade will be si>bdivided 
into five compartments by a 'central projection' flanked by two 'curtains,' 
finishing at the corners of Water and Milk with 'pavilions.' The 'central 
projection' and the two pavilions will be respectively sul^divided in their height by 
orders of pilasters, columns, entablatures, and balustrades, and the curtain finish is 
to be dependent for its eff'ect iipon the window dressing and attached entablatures 
and balustrades, excepting in the first or street story, where the order of the first or 




THE NEW POST-OFFICE. 



street story before referred tb is to be carried uniformly through the entire length of 
the three street fa9ades. Tlie principal central entrance in the Devonshire Street 
fa9ade communicates with a broad staircase, located in a noble hall, communicating 
directly with the second, third, and fourth stories. The remaining entrances of 
this side of the building give access to the Post-Office corridor, twelve feet in height, 
above which the strong light to be secured by the liberal window openings of the 
first story will insure the full lighting of the Post-Office apartment behind the 
corridors of this and the other two streets on which the building bounds. Both the 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 61 

corner pavilions of the Devonshire Street side are repeated on the Milk and Water 
Street sides, and the architecture of these last will correspond, in detail and finish, 
with the Devonshire Street front aforesaid. Two groups of statuary are designed in 
the central projection of the Devonshire Street side, — one of them to crown the 
principal entrance, and the other group to surmount the fine stone 'attic' which 
covers the central projection, and faces the more elevated portion of the roof over 
that side of the structure. The central group of statuary, on the attic, is to be 
flanked by sculptured eagles, respectively located over the two outer corners of the 
attic." 

When the "comer-stone" was laid, the edifice had already been nearly finished to 
the top of the street story ; but the occasion was a favorable one for a street parade, 
and the presence of the President of the United States and several members of his 
Cabinet added to the interest of the ceremonies. At the time of the great fire this 
building was receiving its roof. The solid and substantial character of its walls 
made it a bulwark against the flames. There was t)ut little woodwork exposed, and 
with some exertion the fire was prevented from obtaining ingress into the build- 
ing. But the Milk Street fa9ade was greatly injured by the intense heat. The 
graceful columns and the massive blocks of granite forming the side of the build- 
ing were cracked and split, so that a partial reconstruction of that face was neces- 
sary. The fire caused still further change in the plans. It was originally in- 
tended to cover a much larger site with this magnificent structure than was after- 
wards deemed sufficient. The difficulty of procuring the land at all, and the high 
price asked for it, combined to lead to the decision to cover only one half of the 
square bounded by Congress, Milk, Devonshire, and Water Streets. The fire cleared 
away the buildings on that part of the square not occupied by the Post-Office, and 
caused a return to the original idea. Congress was asked to make an adtUtional 
appropriation of three quarters of a million dollars to buy the remaining land and 
extend the building over it. Consent was readily given on condition that the streets 
surrounding the Post-Office should be widened so as to give additional protection 
against fire, and improve the architectural appearance of the edifice. To this con- 
dition there was very serious opposition on the part of those whose estates would 
have their value impaired by the widenings, and by some others who thought the 
taxes already sufficiently heavy without burdening the city with a new load of in- 
debtedness on account of expensive street improvements. But in spite of all oppo- 
sition the requisite legislation has been passed, and the approjjriation to enlarge the 
building has therefore been secured. The difficulty returned, however, and seemed 
entirely insurmountable when the owners of the estates were asked to set a price on 
their land. The courts were appealed to, and the price awarded appalled even our 
rich Uncle Samuel. However, by dint of skilful negotiation, all obstacles seem now 
to have been cleared away. 

The Boston Post-Office has been a migratory institution for a long time. During 
the siege of Boston it was removed to Cambridge, but was brought back again after 
the evacuation of the town by the British. In the last ninety-six years it has been 
removed at least ten times. For the eleven years immediately preceding the fire it 
was in the Merchants' Exchange Building in State Street, that being its third occu- 
pation of those quarters. After the sudden and hasty ejection from that building by 



62 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the audacious element which does not spare even buildings under the protection of 
the American Eagle, — a removal which was effected without the loss of so much as 
a transient newspaper, — Faneuil Hall was quickly transformed into a Post-Office, 
and the delivery of mails was begun on Monday morning, the day after the removal. 
There was a controversy as to the possibility of repairing the former quarters so that 
they might be safely occupied again, which ended in a decision that the Merchants' 
Exchange should not be again used as a Post-Office ; and the upshot of the matter 
•was that, after a few weeks of crowding and inconvenience and unsatisfactory mail- 
service, the Post-Office was removed to the Old South Church. 

The government has never before owned the building in which the Boston Post- 
Office was located. The upper stories of the new Post-Office are occupied by the 
Sub-Treasury, which was, like the Post-Office, ejected by fire from the Merchants' 
Exchange Building. The new Post-Office was in process of erection about four 
years, and was fully occupied early in 1875. The entire cost to the government 
exceeded three million dollars. 

The County Court House in Court Square was erected in 1833, and is a substan- 
tial but plain and gloomy-looking building. There has been for some time past a 
movement in favor _^ _ 

of a new court-house. 
Thus far there has 
been no agreement 
as to a suitable site, 
and no decisive step 
has been taken for a 
removal from the 
present inconvenient 
building and noisy 
neighborhood. The 
United States Courts 
occupy the building 
at the corner of Tem- 
ple Place and Tre- 
mont Street, — a 
structure of very fine 
appearance and well 
suited to its present 
use. This building 
was erected in 1830 
by the Freemasons 
of Massachusetts as 
a Masonic temple ^'''* haul's church and the united states court-house. 

but it was subsequently used as warerooms for Chickering's pianos, and finally it was 
purchased by the United States government and fitted up as a court-house. Its 
architecture is quite unique. The walls are of Quincy granite cut into triangular 
blocks. The effect is not unpleasant, but it is surprising that the Masons of all 
others should have departed from their established rule of " square work." "With its 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



63 



two massive towers, its long arched windows, and its sombre general aspect, the 
suggestion of the building is rather that of a church than of a court-house. 

Our view also includes a sketch of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, adjoining the 
Court-House. The society worshipping in this church was formed in 1819, and the 
corner-stone was laid on the 4th of September of that year. The edifice was com- 
pleted, and consecrated by the Bishops of Massachusetts and Connecticut on the 30th 
of June, 1820. It has since been extensively remodelled in the interior. The walls 
of this church are of a fine gray granite, but the Ionic columns in front are of Poto- 
mac sandstone laid in courses. The rector of this church is the Rev. Mr. Walden, 
who began his labors in St. Paul's during the spring of 1873. 

Two of the oldest church-buildings in the city are left within the limits 
of the Central District, surrounded by business structures, and one of them 
already abandoned forever as a house of worship. The Old South Society, whose 
new edifice we have described elsewhere, Avas the third Congregational Society 
in Boston, and was organized in 1669, in consequence of a curious theological 
quarrel in the First Church. The first church building of this society, erected in 
1669, stood for sixty years. It was of cedar, and it had a steeple and galleries, 
with the pulpit on the north side. It was taken down in 1729, when the present 

building was erected on the same spot, 
and religious services were held in it 
for the first time on the 26th of April, 
1730 (0. S.). This meeting-house is 
perhaps the most noted church edifice 
in the United States. It is internally 
very quaint and interesting. Its sound- 
ing-board over the pulpit, its high, 
square box-pews, its double tier of gal- 
leries, in fact its whole appearance, at- 
tract the visitor's attention, and lead him 
to inquire into its history if he does not 
already know it. But a tablet high 
above the entrance on the "Washington 
Street side of the tower gives concisely 
the main facts. The Old South is fre- 
quently mentioned on the pages devoted 
to the history of Boston before and dur- 
ing the Revolution. When the meetings 
of citizens became too large to be accom- 
modated in Faneuil Hall, then much 
smaller than now, they adjourned to 
this church. Here Joseph "Warren stood 
and delivered his fearless oration, on the 
anniversary of the massacre of March 5, 
OLD SOUTH CHURCH BEFORE THE FIRE. 1770, in defiancc of the threats of those 

in authority, and in the presence of a marshalled soldiery. Here were held the 
series of meetings that culminated in the destruction of the detested tea, on 




54 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

•wHch the determined colonists would pay no tax. In 1775, the British soldiers, 
eager to insult those by whom they were so cordially hated, but whom they 
held so completely in their power, occupied this meeting-house as a riding- 
school, and place for cavalry drill. They established a grog-shop in the lower 
gallery, which they partially preserved for spectators of their sport. The rest of 
the galleries were torn down, and the whole interior was stripped of its woodwork. 
The floor they covered with about two feet of dirt. At this time the church was 
without a pastor, and no new pastor was ordained until 1779. In 1782 the building 
was thoroughly repaired and put in very much its late condition. The first Elec- 
tion sermon was delivered in the Old South Church in 1712, and the ancient custom 
was regularly observed up to, and including, the year 1872. As soon as the two 
branches of the Legislature had met and organized, the Governor was notified that 
the General Court "is ready to attend Divine service," the procession was formed, 
and the State government marched to this historic building to hear a sermon by a 
preacher designated by the preceding Legislature. But" the last Election sermon has 
been preached in the Old South Church. Having defied the fire, it has been aban- 
doned by the society to which it was almost miraculously preserved, and it will be 
sold and taken down as soon as the Supreme Court grants the necessary authority. 

King's Chapel, too, standing at the corner of School and Tremont Streets, has its 
history, hardly less interesting than that of the Old South. It is, as is well known, 
the successor of the first Episcopalian church in Boston. There were a few of the 
early settlers in the town who belonged to the Church of England. Very timidly 
did they ask in 1646 for liberty to establish their form of worship here "till incon- 
veniences hereby be found prejudicial to the churches and Colony." Very decidedly 
were they rebuff'ed, and no more was heard of the matter for many years. The Church 
of England service was, however, introduced by the chaplain to the commissioners 
from Charles II. in 1665, and from that time there was little hindrance to their forms. 
Nevertheless, it was not until twelve years after tliis that a church was actually 
formed, and not until 1686 that steps were taken to erect a building to accom- 
modate it. Governor Andros in that year gi'eatly offended the consciences of 
the Old South people by determining to occupy the Old South for an Episcopal 
church, and by compelling them to yield to him in this matter, though very much 
against their will. However, about that time, the church was built on a part of the 
lot where stands the present building. It is not possible to ascertain how the land 
was procured for the purpose ; and some have believed that Andros appropriated it 
in the exercise of the supreme power over the soil which he claimed by virtue of the 
delegated authority of the King. However, the church was built there, and by the 
middle of July, 1689, it was occupied. In 1710 the building was enlarged, but by 
the middle of the century it had fallen to decay, and it was voted to rebuild with 
stone. The present building was first used for Divine service August 21, 1754. 
During the British occupation of the town it was left unharmed. Not only was 
this the first Episcopal church in Boston, it was also the first Unitarian church. 
While the Old South Meeting-house was undergoing repairs of the injuries sustained 
in its occupation as a military riding-school, the society of King's Chapel gave to 
the former society the free use of the Stone Church. When the Old South people 
returned to their own house, the proprietors of King's Chapel voted to return to 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 65 

their old form of worship, with extensive alterations in the liturgy, adapting the 
Church of England service to the Unitarian doctrine. 

Adjoining this ancient church is the first burial-ground established in Boston. 
It is not exactly known when it was first devoted to the burial of the dead. There 
is some dispute over the question whether Mr. Isaac Johnson, one of the most 
prominent of the colonists, and also one of the first to pass away, was or was not 
buried here. It is, however, certain that this was the only gi-aveyard in Boston 
for the first thirty years after the settlement. The visitor to this yard will be apt 
to notice the very singular arrangement of gravestones alongside the paths. They 
were taken from their original positions years ago, by a city officer, who was certainly 
gifted with originality, and reset, without the slightest reference to their former 
uses or positions, as edgestones or fences to the paths. Notwithstanding this not 
very praiseworthy improvement, which leads one to wonder how much further it was 
carried, there are still many very old gravestones in this yard. Three, at least, date 
back to the year 1658. One of these stones has a history. At some time after the 
interment of the good deacon it commemorated, the stone was removed and lost ; 
but it was discovered in 1830 near the Old State House, several feet below the 
surface of State Street. It is of green stone, and bears this inscription : — 

HERE : LYETH 

THE : BODY : OF : Mr 

WILLIAM : PADDY : AGED 

58 YEARS : DEPARTED 

THIS : LIFE : AUGUST : THE [28] 

1658. 

On the reverse is this singular stanza of poetry : — 

HEAR . SLEAPS . THAT 
BLESED , ONE . WHOES . LIEF 
GOD . HELP . VS . ALL . TO . LIVE 
THAT . SO . W^HEN . TIEM . SHALL . BE 
THAT . WE . THIS . WORLD . MUST . LIUE 
WE . EVER . MAY . BE . HAPPY 
WITH . BLESSED . WILLIAM PADDY. 

A great many distinguished men of the early time were buried in this enclosure, 
and several of the tombs and headstones still bear the ancient inscriptions. The 
tomb of the Winthrops contains the ashes of Governor John Winthrop, and of his 
son and grandson, who were governors of Connecticut. All three, however, died 
in Boston, and were buried in the same tomb. Not far away is a horizontal tablet, 
from the inscription on which we learn that ' ' here lyes intombed the bodyes " of 
four "famous reverend and learned pastors of the first church of Christ in Boston," 
namely, John Cotton, John Davenport, John Oxenbridge, and Thomas Bridge. In 
this abode of the dead are also the graves and the remains of many of the most famous 
men of the early days of Boston, — the Sheafes, the Brattles, and the Savages, among 
others. The next to the oldest stone remaining in the yard is that of Mr, Jacob 



66 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Sheafe, one of the richest merchants of his time, who died in 1658. This hurj^ing- 
ground has not been used for interments for a very long time. It is occasionally 
opened to visitors, and well repays a visit, though all the inscriptions on aU the 
tombs and stones were long ago copied and published. 

Tremont Temple is one of the 
best known halls in the city for 
public assemblies of all kinds. 
It stands on Tremont Street, 
directly opposite the Tremont 
House, on the site of the old 
Tremont Theatre. It covers more 
than 12, 000 square feet of ground. 
The front of Tremont Temple is 
covered with mastic, and is sev- 
enty-five feet high. Within is 
the great audience-room, one 
hundred and twenty-four feet 
long, seventy-two feet wide, and 
fifty feet high, with its deep, 
encircling galleries. It was in 
this hall that Mr. Charles Dick- 
ens gave his readings in Boston — 
on his last visit to America, and 
it was selected on account of its 
great capacity and admirable 
acoustic properties. The hall is 
very plain indeed. Even the 
organ, which often adds so much tremont temple. 

to the appearance of halls and churches, is merely hidden behind a screen, and is 
without a case. The Temple is occupied on Sundays by the Tremont Street Bap- 
tist Church for its services. The Young Men's Christian Association has its quarters 
in this building, and there is, beneath the Temple proper, a smaller temple, — the 
Meionaon. From the cupola of the building, M'hich is, however, not very accessible, 
a fine view of Boston and the surrounding country is to be had. 

Standing on Tremont Street, at the head of Hamilton Place, and looking down 
the place, one may see a plain and lofty brick wall without ornament or architec- 
tural pretensions of any sort. The building is the Boston Music Hall, one of the 
noblest public halls in the world, and the pride of every music-lover of Boston. 
This hall was built by private enterprise, and first opened to the public in 1852. It 
has ever since been the head-quarters of musical entertainment in the city. It would 
require more space than can be devoted to the subject to give even a list of the great 
singers whose voices have been heard within its walls, of the famous lecturers who 
have expounded their views here, and of the numerous fairs for charitable purposes 
that have been held in it. But it is safe to say that in no other single hall in the 
country have so many and so choice programmes of music been performed, and that 
no other hall has furnished a platform for so many distinguished orators during the 




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BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



67 



I 



past twenty years. The acoustic properties of the hall are perfect. Indeed, it is, as 
Dr. Holmes has well said, "a kind of passive musical instrument, or at least a 

sounding-board 
constructed on the- 
oretical princi- 
ples." It is one 
hundred and thirty 
feet in length, sev- 
enty-eight in 
breadth, and sixty- 
five in height. The 
height is half of 
the length, and the 
breadth is six 
tenths of the 
length, the unit 
being thirteen feet. 
No one who has 
been inside the hall 
needs to be told 
of its architectu- 
ral beauty, its spa- 
ciousness, its entire 
suitability to the 
purpose for which 
it was designed. 
The brilliant light 
shed down from 

the hundreds of gas-jets encircling the wall far above the upper balcony is 
something to be remembered. The fine statue of Apollo, the admirable casts 
presented by Miss Charlotte Cushman and placed in the walls, and above all 
the magnificent statue of Beethoven, by Crawford, standing in front of the 
organ, deserve the attention of every visitor to the hall. But all these works 
of art are speedily forgotten in the presence of the glorious instrument that is 
the chief ornament and attraction of the Music Hall. The organ was contracted for 
in 1856, with Herr E. Fr. Walcker of Ludwigsburg, Wurtemberg, and was set up and 
formally inaugurated on the 2d of November, 1863, in the presence of an immense 
and delighted audience. Hundreds of thousands of people have since listened to its 
grand and beautiful tones. The organ contains five thousand four hundred and 
seventy-four pipes, of which no less than six hundred and ninety are in the pedal 
organ ; and it has eighty-four complete registers. Its architecture is exceedingly 
rich and appropriate, and a close inspection is necessary to reveal the beauties of 
which only the general effect can be here reproduced. Only those who have been 
inside the great instrument know how complete and thorough was the work. Even 
the brass pipes that imitate the trumpet are shaped like the orchestral trumpet, and 
are of polished brass ; and the series of flutes are of choice wood, turned and var- 




THE ORGAN IN MUSIC HALL. 



68 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



nished, fashioned like actual flutes, and fitted with emhoiichures of brass. It is in 
all its parts the most perfect, as it is on the whole the largest, organ in the country. 
The whole cost of the organ and its case was upwards of $ 60,000. 

The Boston Museum, near the head of Tremont Street, is one of the oldest of the 
places of amusement in Boston. In 1841, Mr, Moses Kimball and associates opened 
the "Boston Muse - 
lun and Gallery of 
Fine Arts," in a 
building erected for 
the purpose at the 
corner of Tremont 
and Bromfield Sts. 
In connection with 
the musemn, it had 
a fine music-hall, 
capable of seating 
twelve hundred peo- 
ple, where the dra- 
ma very soon found 
a home. The suc- 
cess of the venture 
was so great that 
the present build- 
ing was erected in 
1846, and the first 
entertainment was 
given in it on the 
2d of November in 
that year. The mu- boston museum. 

seum proper is very large and interesting. It occupies numerous alcoves in the large 
haU on Tremont Street, the hall being furnished with several capacious galleries, 
which are all fiUed with curiosities and works of art. The theatre is large and well 
ventilated, comfortably furnished and finely decorated. It is managed with liberal 
shrewdness. The " star " system is wholly discarded, and the dramas are represented 
by an excellent stock company. The veteran William Warren, who became con- 
nected with this theatre the second season, and has been a member of the company 
every year but one since, is a host in himself. Several other actors and actresses 
have been at the Museum so long that they would hardly be at home on any other 
stage. This theatre is a very great favorite with all classes of patrons of the drama. 
It used to be called the "Orthodox theatre" on account of the distinction made 
by some good people who objected to dramatic entertainment in general, but saw 
no harm in attending the representation of plays at the Museum. The Museum is 
now under the administration of Mr. R. M. Field, who has occupied the position 
of manager for more than ten years. 

The Boston Theatre is situated on the west side of Washington Street, between 
Avery and West Streets. It is the largest regular place of amusement in New Eng- 




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(See Picture of Building on opposite page.) 

Boston Museum. 



MANAGER 



MR. R. M. FIELD. 



5^^ The Boston Museum was established in 1S41, and removed to the present building, 
constructed especially for it, in 1845. Remodelled in 1S67, and again in IS^S, conforming 
now in its auditorium to the most elegant comedy theatres in the world. 

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IMPORTERS & RETAILERS 



CABPETINaS, 




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1824. 



THE 



1875. 



Boston C ourier for 1875. 

This widely known paper has been established for half a century, and it is believed it has main- 
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TERMS— One copy by mail, one year, $ 2.60; by carrier, one year, $3.00. 

113^ Payment to b© made invariably in advance. 



JOSEPH F. TRAVERS, Publisher, 

899 WASHINGTON STREET 



BOSTON. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



69 



land, and is in many respects one of the finest. The opportunity for architectural 
display was most limited, and no hint whatever is given of the lofty and spacious 

auditorium by the 
external appear- 
ance of the en- 
trance. This thea- 
tre has lately 
passed under the 
complete control of 
Messrs. Thayer and 
Tompkins, who had 
for a long time pre- 
vious been practi- 
cally managers of 
the property. It 
was erected by a 
corporation that 
numbered among 
its members many 
leading citizens in 
18 5 4, and was 
opened on the 11th 
of Sei^tember of 
that year, under 
the management 
of Mr. Thomas 
Barrj'. There is 
a stock company 

connected with this theatre, but there is almost always a *' star " performer to 
attract the multitude, — and a very large multitude can be accommodated within 
it. This is the house usually engaged for the representation of Italian, German, 
French, and English Opera. Most of the great American actors, and many dis- 
tinguished foreign actors and actresses, have appeared upon this stage. Jefferson 
and Owens, Booth and Forrest, Fechter and Sothern, Ristori, Salvini, and Jan- 
auschek, and a host of others whose names are famous in the annals of the stage, 
have here delighted the Boston public within the last five years alone ; while of 
opera-singers may be mentioned Nilsson, and Lucca, and Parepa Rosa, and Kellogg, 
and Phillipps. Here too the gorgeous spectacular plays that have their seasons 
of prosperity have been presented in very complete form ; the greatest and most suc- 
cessful fairs ever held in Boston for charitable objects have been held here ; and the 
vast auditorium was the scene of the balls given in honor of the Prince of Wales 
and the Grand Duke Alexis. 

The Globe Theatre is the newest and one of the most attractive of the theatres 
of Boston. The original theatre on this site was built in 1867 for Mr. John H. 
Selwyn, by Messrs. Arthur Cheney and Dexter H. FoUett, and was at first known 
as Selw3m's Theatre. Colonel FoUett subsequently disposed of his interest to Mr. 




70 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Cheney. After two delightful seasons of comedy under Mr. Selwyn's management, 
Mr. Charles Fechter became manager, and was in turn succeeded by Mr. W". R. 
Floyd. On Mr. Selwyn's retirement the ^^:_ ^- _ 

name of the theatre was changed to the 
Globe. Few theatre-goers have any but the 
pleasantest recollections of the first Globe 
Theatre, the interior of which was a pleas- 
ure to the eye, while the stage entertain- 
ments were among the most delightful ever 
presented to Bostonians. But in May, 1873, 
on the morning of Decoration Day, the thea- 
tre was destroyed in the extensive fire on 
Washington Street. For a year the site re- 
mained unoccupied, but in 1874 Mr. Cheney, 
with the co-operation of one hundred and 
fifty gentlemen, who paid 1 1,000 each for the 
right to one seat each during the eighteen 
years' lease, rebuilt it in an enlarged form, 
and it was duly opened on the 3d Decem- 
ber of that year, having been five months 
and three days in building. The auditorium 
is sixty feet high, and of the usual horse- 
shoe form. It has, besides the parquet, two 
galleries and an intermediate row of mez- 
zanine boxes. The stage is probably the most 
perfect one in the country, being furnished 
with all approved appliances for the perfect 
setting of scenery. A departure, and it is 
believed the first, has been made from the 
otherwise universal practice of constructing 
stage floors, this being entirely level. The magnificent silk drop curtain is some- 
thing to be admired, as well as the rich decoration and tasteful use of colors on the 
walls and ceiling, and the elegant drapery of the boxes. The theatre has already 
become a gi-eat favorite, and is evidently destined to be still more popular. During 
the present season there has been no regular stock company connected with it, and 
there has been a series of star dramatic performances only, interrupted by seasons of 
opera. Among these may be mentioned a highly successful engagement of Madame 
Janauschek, a brilliant season of "The Gilded Age," with Mr. Raymond as Colonel 
Sellers, and the last farewell to the stage by that great American tragedienne Miss 
Charlotte Cushman. 

A new amusement hall, known as Beethoven Hall, has lately been opened nearly 
opposite the Globe, and already fills a want that has long been felt, of a hall not 
so large and expensive as the Music Hall. It is very neat and cosey internally, and 
the constant use made of it for lectures, concerts, and entertainments of various 
other kinds, proves the practical wisdom of those who projected it. 

Freemasoniy has long been in a very flourishing condition in Boston, and, indeed, 




THE NEW GLOBE THEATRE. 



THE GLOBE 

Washington Street, near Essex, 



MR. ARTHUR CHENEY . Proprietor and Manager. 



This elegant and popular establishment, perfect in all the appointments of a first-class theatre, 
is open for dramatic and musical entertainments throughout the year. 

Being the most recently erected of all the theatres in Boston, it combines improvements in stage 
mechanism, etc., to be found in no other establishment. The interior is exceedingly beautiful, 
being embellished in a manner to gratify the most artistic taste. 

The Globe has earned the title of the 

" Model Theatre of America," 

and is patronized by the most intelligent and refined lovers of the drama. It is open for 

FIRST-CLASS ENTERTAINMENTS ONLY, 

in which artists of well-known and acknowledged ability take part. 



Performances Every Evening and 
Saturday Afternoons. 



A prominent feature of the Globe entertainments has always been the 

SPLENDID ORCHESTRAL PERFORMANCES 

given by a corps of select and accomplished musicians. 



The Price of Admission to the Globe is adjusted to the popular demand. 



S. A. STETSON & CO. 

Crystal Chandeliers, 

Grilt, Bronze, and Decorated 

GAS FIXTURES, 

FINE MARBLE AND BRONZE CLOCKS, 

BRONZE FIG-URES AND ORNAMENTS, 

In greatest variety and at low prices. 



173 Trexnont Street^ . Bostoxii 



CNJEAR MASONIC TEMPLE.) 



raHjITAHY GOODS, 



BANNERS. 



FLAGS, 




GHAPEAUX, 



GAPS, 



Masonic, OM Eellows', KhIeMs of Pjtlias Roplia M Jewels. 

GOLD AIVD SILVER 

Laces, Fringes, Cords, Braids, Tassels, Buttons. 



nAi I ann I nnilTAU O nA No. 104 TRBMONT STRBET 

POLLARD, LEIGHTON, & CO., (C.r.Br.mfleld<. boston. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



71 




in Massachusetts. After tlie po- 
litical excitement against the 
order, thirty or forty years ago, 
had died out, there was a re- 
action in its favor, and since that 
time it has had hardly a check 
to its progress. The fine building 
now used for the United States 
courts was used as the head-quar- 
ters of the order imtilthe limits 
were outgrown. Subsequently the 
several organizations, or a large 
number of them, were gathered in 
the building adjoining the Win- 
throp House, at the corner of Tre- 
mont and Boylston Streets. Both 
the hotel and the halls were de- 
stroyed by fire on the night of 
April 7, 1864. It was then deter- 
mined to build a temple worthy 
of the order on the same site. 
The corner-stone was laid with ira- 
MAsoNic TEMPLE. poslug cercmonies on the 14th of 

October of the same year, and the temple, having been wholly completed, was dedicated 

^^^ ,^._ _ ^i==Pfe=^ - ~- ^^ ; oil the Freemasons' anniversary, 

>J^^S^^'^^"^^*^"=^"'^**^*''^^^ St. John's Day, June 22, 1867. 

On the latter occasion President 
Johnson was present, having 
accepted an invitation to par- 
ticipate in the ceremonies, 
which drew togetlier delega- 
tions of brethren of the order 
from all parts of Massachusetts 
and New England. The build- 
ing is of very fine granite, and 
has a front of eighty-five feet 
on Tremont Street. Its height 
is ninety feet, though one of 
the octagonal towers rises to 
the height of one hundred and 
twenty-one feet. It has seven 
stories above the basement, of 
which only the street floor is 
occupied for other than mason- 
ic purposes. There are three 
large halls for meetings on the 
second, fourth, and sixth floors, 




72 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



finished respectively in the Corinthian, Egyptian, and Gothic styles. On the in- 
termediate floors are anterooms, small halls, and offices ; while in the seventh story 
are three large banqueting-halls. Both in its external appearance and in its internal 
arrangements this temple is a credit to the order and an ornament to the city. 

Within the limits of the district we have described are, as we have said, most' of 
the daily newspapers and most of the weeklies. The Boston Post occupies a build- 
ing near the head of Milk Street, erected on the spot which tradition declares to have 
been the birthplace of Benjamin Franklin. The first number of the Post was issued 
on the 9th of November, 1831, by Charles G. Greene. In that first number the 
editor promised "to exclude from its columns everything of a vindictive or bitter 
character"; and although he announced his intention to discuss pubUc questions 
freely and fearlessly, he agreed to do so " in a manner that, if it failed to convince, 
should not offend." The promise has been faithfully kept. The Post has frequent- 
ly maintained the unpopular side in political controversies, but it has always done so 
in such a manner as to make almost as many friends among those it opposed as among 
persons of its own political faith. It has also always maiutained a reputation for 
liveliness and cheer- 
ful humor that has 
been well deserved. 
The Post was first 
published in its 
present commodious 
quarters on the 
morning of August 
31, 1874. It had 
been driven, by 
street improve- 
ments, from the 
building occupied 
during the previous 
five years. The 
Post Building has 
a fine iron front, 
with a bust of 
Franklin, and is ad- 
mirably arranged 
internally. The 
street floor is used 
for a counting-room 
and the upper floors 
for editors' and 
compositors' rooms. 

The only other 

strictly morning view in Washington street : globe office. 

paper to be noticed 
is the Globe, the first number of which was issued from its present office March 4, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



73 



1872. It is printed in quarto form, and is always exceedingly creditable typograph- 
ically. The Globe is professedly independent in politics, though it gave the Repub- 
lican candidates in the last campaign a support hardly differing from partisanship. 
It is already favorably known by the excellence of its literary criticism, and its 
business success is most encouraging. 

The Transcript was the pioneer of the evening press in Boston, and is, next to the 
Advertiser, the oldest daily newspaper in the city. It was first published in July, 

1830, and until the 
spring of 1875 the 
senior partner of 
the original firm 
was still the head 
of the house. The 
experiment was for 
some time one of 
doubtful success, 
but now no paper 
in Boston is more 
firmly established. 
During the entire 
period of its publi- 
cation it has had 
but five editors-in- 
chief. The late Mr. 
Haskell, the fourth 
of the line, held the 
position for nearly 
a quarter of a cen- 
tury. The Trans- 
cript has always 
been a pleasant, 
chatty, tca-tablo 
paper, full of fresh 
news, literary gos- 
sip, and choice ex- 
tracts from whatever in any branch of literature is new and entertaining. The 
spacious and imposing building in which it is now located is on the corner of Washing- 
ton and Milk Streets. In general arrangement it differs but slightly from the 
oflUces of the other large daily newspapers ; but it is the newest and the largest 
of them, and has several special features that make it a particularly cosey and 
convenient office. The Transcript was unfortunate in the fire of 1872, for it 
was driven suddenly out of an office almost new, and gunpowder used in the 
cellar of the adjoining building destroyed its presses, types, and other material 
stored in its fire-proof, but not gunpowder-proof basement. However, the Globe 
was hospitable, and took the Transcript in ; and the present building is much larger 
and finer than the .one that was destroyed. 




WAbHlNUTON STREET : TRANSCRIPT OFFICE BEFORE THE FIRE. 



74 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The Evening Traveller occupies a building at the corner of State and Congi-ess 
Streets, — quarters in which it has been established since 1854. The Daily Traveller 
was first issued on the 1st of April, 1845, as a two-cent evening paper, — the first in 
Boston to adopt a price so low. The Aveekly American Traveller had then been 
issued more than twenty years, having been first published in January, 1825. In its 
day the American Traveller was the great paper for stage-coaches and steamboats. 
When the daily was founded, it adopted a course quite difi'erent from that of any 
other paper in Boston. It aimed to be a moral and religious organ as well as a 
medium of news. The old traditions are still retained to some extent in the Travel- 
ler, but it long ago adopted the purveyance of news as its leading object. In this 
particular its reputation is firmly established, the news department, under a liberal 
management, being always fresh and well arranged. The arrangement of the Travel- 
ler office is similar to that of the other offices that have been mentioned, with one 
or two exceptions The gi eat value of space in State Street has led the Traveller to 
share its counting 
with 



room witn otheis 
One corner of the 
room is occupied by 
a telegraph -offline, 
and in the two cor 
ners on State Stieet 
arc located, in rath 
er narrow quarters, 
two brokerage-hous 
es ; and above, on 
the third and foui th 
floors are to be found 
the composition and 
editorial rooms. A 
view of the Travel 
ler building is given 
in the illustration 
of State Street. 

The Boston Jour 
nal is both a morn 
ing and an evening 
l^aper. The second 
and third pages al- 
ways contain the la- 
test news, in what- 
ever edition it is 
sought. The Jour- 
nal long ago ob- 
tained an excellent 




VIEW IN WASHINGTON STREET. 



reputation as a general newspaper, both for the counting-room and the family circle. 
It has a very large sale throughout Massachusetts, Maine, and. New Hampshire, 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



75 



and in conseanence of the peculiar character of its constituency has always been 
especially strong in its New England intelligence. The Journal was founded in 1833, 
aj)pearing for the first time on February 5 of that year as the Evening Mercantile 
Journal. On beginning the publication of a morning edition, it took its present 
name. The Journal was the first newspaper in Boston to procure a Hoe press. It 
now uses two, — one of six cylinders, and the other of eight. The present building 
was occuj)ied in September, 18G0. Its arrangement is similar to that of other 
papers already described. 

The Boston Herald is also a morning and evening paper, and enjoys a very great 

popularity. It was first issued in 1846 as a one-cent paper, and this price it main- 

^ ^ tained until the general rise of prices 

during the war. The Herald circulates 
a very large niimber of copies, its daily 
issue heing exceeded by only one or two 
newspapers in the country. It is the 
only one of the Boston papers that has 
yet adopted the practice of stereotyping 
its "forms," and this course it was com- 
pelled to adopt by the impossibility of 
printing the reipiisite number of copies 
in the time at its disposal. The Herald 
is also the only daily of those already 
named that publishes a Sunday issue. 

The fine hall of the Massachusetts 
Charitable Mechanic Association stands 
upon the northwest corner of Bedford 
and Chauncy Streets. This association, 
of which Paul Revere was the first presi- 
dent, had been agitating the ([uestion of 
erecting a hall for more than half a cen- 
tury before the steps Avere finally taken 
that resulted in the building of this 
structure. The land was bought in De- 
cember, 185<3, for $31,000. The build- 
ing fronts ninety-three feet on Cliauncy 
Street, and sixty- five feet on Bedford 

^^^^^^ ^ .^..^ ^^ ^'^i"6*3t- The building was immediately 

""'^^^^*^^^^^^^^^^^^^'- begun upon a plan designed by Ham- 

matt Billings, and it was completed and dedicated in March, 1860, at a cost, 
including land, of about $320,000. It is constructed of dark freestone in a 
modification of the Italian Kenaissance style of architecture. During the erec- 
tion of the City HaU the building was occupied by the oflices of the city gov- 
ernment. 

A fine piece of architecture is the Horticultui-al Hall on Tremont Street 
between Bromfield Street and Montgomery Place. It was erected by the Mas- 
sachusetts Horticultural Society, and is one of the most perfectly classical 




76 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



buildings in the 
city. It is built of 
fine - grained white 
granite, beautifully 
dressed, and the 
exterior is massive 
and elegant in pro- 
portioi^ The front 
is surmounted by 
a granite statue of 
Ceres. The loAver 
floor is occupied for 
business purposes, 
and above are two 
halls, not very large, 
yet adapted not 
only to their origi- 
nal purpose, for the 
meetings and exhi- 
bitions of the societ}', 
but for parlor con- 
certs, lectures, social 
gatheiings , and fairs. 
The series of 
Sunday - after- 
noon lectures 
delivered in this - ^ 
building during 
each winter for 
several years 
past have made 
Horticultural 
Hall almost as 
well known in 
this country as 
Exeter Hall is 
in England. On 
the opposite 
corner of Brom- 
field Street 
stands the Stu- 
dio Building. 
This structure 
is occupied on 
the street floor 
by six large 




mechanics' building. 




HORTICULTURAL HALL AND STUDIO BUILDING. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



V7 



stores, while above is a perfect hive of artists. This building, indeed, is the 
head-quarters of the artists of Boston, though many of them are located else- 
where. There are delightful artists' receptions here, to which the general public 
is invited. Besides the devotees of art, there are many private teachers of music 
and the languages in the Studio Building, and not a few of the rooms are occupied 
as bachelors' apartments. In this connection may be mentioned the Boston Art 
Club, which occupies a dwelling-house, remodelled for the purpose, on Boylston 
Street, just over the border of the central district. This club includes among its 
members not only artists but business and professional gentlemen interested in art. 
It is serving a very useful purpose both socially and as a means of art education. 
The periodical exhibitions of things new and old at its rooms are attended by large 
numbers of ladies and gentlemen, who there meet the artists and their friends, and 
discuss the merits of the paintings and sculpture displayed in the spacious apart- 
ments. Anotlier club, the Athenian, which seeks members in the walks of literature 
as well as of art, lias lately been organized, and has its quarters near the head of 
Beacon Street. 

The building occupied by the Mason & Hamlin Cabinet Organ Company for their 

warerooras on Tremont Street is a marble structure of gi-eat architectural beauty, 

_ ■ __ which has added not a little to the 

.:- _s^ss^^^^^ 1^ attractiveness of Tremont Street, and 

. ^^^g^ has aided in drawing business down 

that avenue below Temple Place. It 
was begun in the spring of 1866, and 
was completed in the following 
spring, at a cost of about $175,000. 
The Mason and Hamlin Company is 
more extcTisively engaged in manufac- 
turing reed musical instruments than 
any other establishment in the Avorld. 
It has turned out upwards of sixty 
thousand instruments in the eighteen ' 
years since the business was begun, 
and the business has increased three- 
fold in the last seven years. The 
company is now exporting many in- 
struments of its manufacture to Eu- 
rope. It has two extensive manufacto- 
ries, one on Cambridge Street, Bos- 
ton, and the other in Cambridge. 

At the comer of Washington Street 
and Central Court is the elegant biiild- 
ing occupied by Jordan, Marsh, & Co. 
as a retail dry-goods store. It has 
a fine front of dark freestone, eighty feet long on Washington Street and five 
stories high. The street floor and basement only were at first occu])ied by the firm. 
The second floor was used as a wareroom by Chickering & Sous, the rear being 




VIEW IN TREMONT STREET. 



78 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



finished off into a 'beautiful hall, while the upper floors were let to lodgers. 
The whole building is now occupied by the firm, and the wholesale depart- 
ment has been removed from Devonshire Street to a new building in the rear. 
The two structures cover a surface of from 20,000 to 23,000 square feet, and are 
connected by an excavated passage-way. Each building is furnished with a pas- 
senger and a freight elevator, all of them operated by a stationary engine in 
the passage-way between the two buildings. This collection of buildings was in 
great danger 
several times 
during the great 
fire, but fortu- 
nately no dam- 
age was done 
them. 

The OldtJor- 
ner Bookstore, 
now occupied 
by Messrs. A. 
Williams & Co., 
is one of the 
very oldest 
buildings now 
standing in the 
city. The exact 
date of its erec- 
tion is not 
known, but the 
building which 
preceded it on 
the same site 
was destroyed 
by the great 
fire of October, 
1711, and in a 
short time, 
probably within 
a year, the Old 
Corner Store 

was erected. jord^n mar h, and go's eulding 

The history of tins store has been very carefully and completely traced from its first 
occupation as an apothecary's shop, by the builder, Mr. Thomas Crease, to its reversion 
to the original use in 1817. In 1828 Messrs. Carter and Hendee took it for a book- 
store, and to that use it has ever since been devoted. Four years after the date just 
mentioned, Messrs. Allen and Ticknor, the lineal ancestors of the present house of 
James R. Osgood & Co., took this position, and retained it under the successive man- 
agement of William D. Ticknor, Ticknor, Reed, k Fields, and Ticknor k Fields, until 




The Old Corner Bookstore. 

{Illustration on page 79.) 



The quaint " Old Corner Bookstore," corner of Washington & School Streets, now occu- 
pied by A. WILLIAMS & CO., has for many generations been noted as a Favorite 
Resort for authors and literary people. 

Recently the present Proprietors have made several alterations and improvements in 
the rear of the building, which add much to the general attractiveness of the interior, 
and provide many needed facilities for transacting the Increasing Business of the Firm 
with Public and Private Libraries, and for carrying on their large Retail Trade. The 
shelves and counters present a most attractive and tempting appearance to the lovers of 
good books, and the store is well worthy a visit, both for its historical associations and 
for the inducements offered to readers and purchasers of popular and standard volumes. 
The upper stories still retain their original form, reminding one of the Boston of early 
days. Surrounded as it is by buildings of a comparatively recent style of architecture, 
the Old Bookstore, with its ancient exterior and modern interior, forms one of the most 
interesting objects to be found in the City limits. "The Old Corner" has become one of 
the landmarks to strangers visiting Boston. 

BOSTON ELASTIC FABRIC CO., 

MANUFACTURERS OF 

VULCANIZED RUBBER GOODS, 

COMriUSING 

Machine Belting, Steam Packing, Gaskets, 
ENGINE, SUCTION, AND HYDRANT HOSE, 

AND RUBBER ARTICLES OF EVERY DESCRIPTION FOR MECHANICAL 
AND MANUFACTURING PURPOSES. 

ALSO 

RUBBER WOVEN AND BRAIDED FABRICS, 

IN ALL VARIETIES OF WIDTH, STYLE, AND FINISH. 



CHARLES McBURNEY & CO., 

GENERAL AGENTS, 

175 Devonshire, and 34 &> 36 ^rch. Sts., 
(New York, 102 Chambers St.) BOSTON. 




= ^ o 
5 ^ 'o ^ « 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



79 




OLD CORNER BOOKSTORE. 




MACULLAR, WILLIAMSi AND PARKER's BUILDING. 



1865, when the last- 
named firm removed 
to quarters on Tre- 
raont Street, which 
they occupied until 
recently. The Old 
Corner Store com- 
bines excellence of 
situation with a sort 
of rambling pictu- 
resqueness that has 
made it a great fa- 
vorite with lovers of 
books. It stands in 
very nearly its origi- 
inal form, and is one 
of the best and most 
substantial examples 
of a style of archi- 
tecture that has gone 
wholly out of vogue. 
The magnificent marble struc- 
ture on Washington Street occu- 
pied by ilacullar, Williams, & 
I'arker for their great wholesale 
and retail clothing manufactory 
and salesroom was built by the 
:^\ trustees of the Sears estate. Its 
£i fine marble front is very striking, 
and its internal arrangements are 
as perfect as its architecture. It 
is one of the largest buildings in 
the world wholly devoted to the 
business of clothing manufacture. 
It fronts forty-six feet on Wash- 
ington Street, and extends back 
to Hawley Street two hundred and 
twenty-five feet. This buildiug is 
nearly an exact copy of that on 
the same spot which was de- 
rg stroyed in the great fire. 

The Sears Building, on the cor- 
ner of Court and Washington 
Streets, is one of the finest, as it 
was also for its size one of the 
costliest. The land was bought 
and the work of tearing down the 
old buildings was begun in June, 



80 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



1868. The foundation was kid in July, and within a year the new building was 
occupied. It has a front of fifty-five feet on Washington Street, and of one hun- 
dred and forty-nine feet on Court Street. It is built in the Italian-Gothic style 
of architecture, the external walls being constructed of gray and white marble, the 
contrast of which is highly pleasing. The price paid for the land on which this 
building stands was $356,000, which was at the rate of about forty -three dollars 
a square foot, and the building itself 
brought the entire cost of the property 
up to about three (quarters of a mil- 
lion dollars. It is furnished within 
in a style of great elegance, and is 
occupied by two banks, several insur- 
ance companies, a score or more of 
railroad companies, engineers, treas- 
urers of companies, etc. A steam ele- 
vator of the best pattern conveys pas- 
sengers from the street-floor to the 
highest story. This elegant structure 
is one of many belonging to the Sears 
estate. 

The crookedness of Washington 
Street is not in all respects a disadvin 
tage. It permits many fine buildmi^'^ 
to be seen to better advantage thin 
they would be if the street had betn 
laid out in a straight line. In pnss 
ing along the street, one of the most 
prominent buildings is the bankiii^^ 
house of the Mei'cantile Savings Insti 
tution. This is, however, an old build 

ing with a new front, and otherwis 

reconstructed. The new front is <il 

veined marble, resting on three col 

unms of highly polished red Qumc \ 

granite. The elegant steps which gnt 

access to the basement and the fii^t 

story are of pure white marble. With- 
in, the apartment of the bank, which 

occu]>ies the whole of the first story, is 

finished in black walnut, the walls aie 

tastefully frescoed, and the floors and 

counters are of marble. 

Boston owes to the fire of 1872 a 

group of buildings which are among 

the most stately and costly of any in the city. These have been erected by life 

insurance companies for the most part in the immediate neighborhood of the new 




J. W. BRACKETT, 

MANUFACTUEER OF 

Grand, Upright, Square, and Pedal 

PIANO -FORTES. 

(Establislied in 1857.) 
WAREROOMS AND FACTORY, 

581 ITITASHiraC^TON STRSST. 

(Illustration of Building on opposite page.) 



Mr. Brackett calls particular attention to the 

STUDENTS' PEDAL PIANO, 

(a new patent,) designed to meet the wants of Organists and pupils, enabling them to gain the 
technique of both the Piano-Forte and Organ at the same time, and with one tuition. They are 
OF TIIK IIIGHE.ST ORDER. OF EXCELLENCE, as well for Piauo-forte 
3Iusic as for Organ Music. Every student should at once see them. Practical familiarity 
with all the details of the manufacture, acquired by more than twenty-five years of experience 
scrupulous care in the selection of materials employed, and unremitting personal supervision during 
the production of every instrument, have secured from eminent artists and the musical public 
an honorable recognition of our instruments among those of the foremost makers of the day. 



J- W. BRACKETT^ 

581 TV^^SHINOTON STREET, 
BOSTON. 




No. 581 WASHINGTON STREET, 

BOSTON". 

(See desigm of Building: in text of this book.) 



SIX PER CEWT INTEREST PAID ON DEPOSITS re- 
maining in Bank from April 1st to October 1st, or from October 1st 
to April 1st ; all other deposits will draw interest at the rate of five per 
cent for every full calendar month they remain in bank. This is the only 
Savings-Bank in the State that pays interest on deposits for every full 
month, and the only Savings Institution that has a paid-up guarantee fund 
(of $205,000.00) for the express protection of its depositors. 
Deposits commence drawing interest on the 1st day of each month. Drafts 
paid daily without notice. The deposits now remaining in bank exceed 
$4,550,000. 

The Institution is one of the most successful and flourishing in the 
State. 

L. S. HAPGOOD, President. 

ANSON J. STONE, Treasurer. 

PKEDERIC H. HENSHAW, Ass't Treasurer. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



•81 



Post-Office, though two fine structures of this class adorn Tremont Street opposite 
the Common. The magnificent marble building of the Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany of New York is one of the most beautiful as well 
as one of the most expensive of them. It fronts sixty- 
one feet on Milk and one hundred and twenty-seven 
feet on Pearl Street, and is constructed of fine white 
marble from the Tuckahoe q\iarry. It is intended to be 
fire-proof, the window-sashes of iron being set in marble 
frames, while all the floors are constructed wholly of 
incombustible material. The finish of the interior will 
be very rich, and externally the eye will be attracted 
by the elegant marble tower rtaching a height of up- 
Avards of two hundred feet fiom the stieet IcAel, with 
its clock, and by the iich caning on the Milk Stieet 
front above the -= _ 

fourth story. The 
company's offices 
will be on the 
second floor. The 
building will 
have seven sto- 
ries, including 
the basement 
above gi'ound and 
the roof. 

The handsome 
new building of 
the New England 
Mutual Life In- 
surance Company 
stands on the cor- 
ner of Milk and 
Congress Streets, 
with a frontage 
of fifty feet on 
the former and 
one hundred and 
eighty-one feet on 
the latter street, 
and is one of the 
chief ornaments 
of Post-Office 

Square. It is built of white Concord granite, except the basement, which is of 
Quincy granite, in the Renaissance style of architecture. The building is admirably 
constructed, and nearly or quite tlie whole of it was rented at good prices in advance 
of completion. A fine marble staiixase runs from the first to the sixth stoiy. The 




BUILDING OF THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. 



82* 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



building is furnished with numerous vaults and safes, the basement alone having no 
less than ten safes for the accommodation of the Boston Safe Deposit Company. 
The New Eng- 
land Mutual 
Life occupies 
th 6 second 
story of its 
building, the 
several offices 
being divided 
off, arranged, 
and furnished 
in the most 
convenient 
and tasteful 
manner. 

We have al- 
"ready referred 
to the fact 
that the great 
fire resulted in 
an improve- 
ment of the 
appearance of 
the buildings 
that have re- 
placed those 
that were de- 
stroyed. In 
now noticing 
a few only of 
the new busi- 
ness blocks wa 

do not select in all cases the finest of them. Tastes differ, and to some people who 
pass through the improved streets lined with stately warehouses, it will seem per- 
haps that some of the finest of all are not mentioned. Our aim has been rather to 
give a fair idea of the average business structure, solidly built and adapted to its 
uses, than of the costly and often more picturesque edifices which have certainly 
added to the beauty of the city. One noticeable feature of the new buildings is the 
great variety of material employed. Before 1872 granite was the 'chief favorite, but 
the fire seemed to many to prove that under heat it is an exceedingly unsafe material. 
Whether this was justified by the facts or not, builders have acted upon it as a warn- 
ing, and the proportion of granite buildings is much smaller than it was formerly. 
Freestone has been freely employed, and its various colors are tastefully arranged 
in bands and columns. White marble, too, has come into far more general use than 
before, and adds to the variety. Iron is, on the whole, less used in constructing 
store fronts, but several very elaborate blocks present faces of iron in imitation of 




BUILDING OF THE NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



83 



various stones. Among the buildings of which we give no ilhistrations which are 
worthy the attention of strangers are those in Winthrop Square, which are almost 
uniformly rich in design and handsome in form ; two new buildings erected by the 
Sears estate, one at the corner of Summer and Chauncy Streets, and the other at the 
corner of Franklin and Devonshire ; the store at the southern corner of Washington 
and Summer Streets ; the Lee Block, at the corner of Summer and Lincoln Streets ; 
the Simmons Building, on Milk Street ; the Rialto, on Devonshire "Street ; and 
others which a tour of the streets will bring to one's notice. 

One of the most 
extensive busi- 
ness blocks in the 
burned-over dis- 
trict is that erect- 
ed by the late 
Gardner Brewer, 
Esij., on Devon- 
shire, Franklin, 
and Federal 
Streets. It is of 
Nova Scotia free- 
stone, and is in 
general highly 
satisfactory from 
an architectural 
point of view, 
though by no 
means so rich in 
ornamentation as 
nnuiy others. The 
Federal Street 
corner, w h i c h 
forms a great 
building of itself, 
is wholly devoted 
to the crockery, 
porcelain, and 
glass business of 
Messrs. Jones, 
McDuffee, and 
Stratton, who 
carrv on a verv the brewet luildinc, re i iiei:i b\ jones, mcduffee, and STI ATTON 

extensive wholesale and retail trade in this class of goods. 

Another fine building is that on the northern corner of Franklin and Washington 
Streets, containing five large stores, the most northerly of which is a very wide 
double store occupied by Messrs. Weeks and Potter for their widely extended whole- 
sale business in drugs and medicines. The corner is made all the more attractive by 




84 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the luiiformity of the architecture of the adjoining building on Franklin Street. The 
material is gray granite, and the front is designed in a very tasteful and dignified way. 
The improvement of this part of Washington Street since the fire is very marked. 




WASHINGTON BUILDING, CORNER OF WASHINGTON AND FRANKtIN STREETS. 

The five upper floors of the Franklin Building, on the corner of Franklin and 
Federal Streets, are occupied by the great printing establishment of Eand, Avery, 
& Co. The office was established many years ago, and was very small at first, but 
has graduallj' grown to its present immense propoi'tions. The firm formerly occu- 
pied the building at tlie foot of Cornhill, which was torn down to make way for 
the Washington Street extension. They then removed to their present building, 
which stands six stories high, and has a frontage of one hundred feet on each 
street, and contains all the improvements of modern printing. In this building 
every part of the art of book-making is performed, — type-setting, stereotyping, 
presswork, and binding. More than two hundred persons are constantly employed, 
and nearly as many more are in one way or another dependent upon the vast busi- 
ness transacted here, — the establishment being one of the largest printing-offices 
in the country. The processes of book-making are very interesting under any cir- 
cumstances, and they are doubly so when they are transacted on a large scale, with 
all the appliances of modern machinery. Mention of the resources of this establish- 



WM. J. DANA, 



Designing and Wood Engravingj 



No. 20 HAWLEY STREET, 



BOSTON. 



J. R. Osgood & Co. 
Rand, Avery, & Co. 
Lee & Shepard. 
Estea & Lauriat. 
A. V. S. Antliony. 
L. Prang & Co. 
A. Mudge & Son. 



REFERENCES. 

Henry Hoyt. 

D. Lothrop & Co. 

Dennison & Co. 

C. J. Peters & Son. 

Boston Type Foundry. 

Phelps, Dalton, & Co. 

New Eng. Type Foundry Co. 



Douglas Axe Mfg. Co. 

C. A. Hack & Son., Taunton. 

Chas. P. Squires & Co., Bur- 
lington, Iowa. 

Woolworth, Ainsworth, & Co., 
New York. 



S. D. WAREEN & CO., 

PAPER MANUFACTURERS, 

220 Devonshire & 113 Franklin Streets, 

BOSTON. 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



EVERY VARIETY OF PRINTING PAPER. 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



Foreign and Domestic Paper Stock. 



^&] 


Kf),Sv 


^T^(f(Y&Ca 


Pfiil 


tef^, 


FRANKLIN j^ 


m^^ BUILDINGS, 


Cor. Franklin & Federal Sts., ^^^^^ JBostOTL. 




^ 


w 


RAILROAD RECEIPTS, 


NEWSPAPERS, 


SHIPPINO RECEIPTS, 


MAGAZINES, 


BIJ_LS OF LADINC, 


PAMPHLETS, 


BILL HEADS, 


LECTURES, 


CIRCULARS, 


SERMONS, 


BILLETS, 


BOOKS, 


CERTIFICATES OF STOCK, 


SCHOOL RECORDS, 


BILLS OF EXCHANGE, 


SCHOOL REPORTS, 


BLANK NOTES, 


TOWN REPORTS, 


TRANSFERS, 


CATALOGUES, 


DRAFTS, 


WOOD CUTS, 


INSURANCE APPLICATIONS, 


EXCURSION TICKETS, 


INSURANCE POLICIES, 


CONCERT TICKETS, 


BONDS, 


LECTURE TICKETS, 


LEASES, 


OMNIBUS TICKETS, 


DEEDS, 


LEVEE TICKETS, 


LETTER HEADINGS, 


RAILROAD TICKETS, 


NOTE HEADINGS, 


TAGS OF EVERY STYLE, 


CHECK BOOKS, 


DRY GOODS TAGS, 


DEPOSIT TAGS, 


CONCERT BILLS, 


ENVELOPES, 


SHOP BILLS, 


EXPRESS ORDERS, 


APOTHECARIES' LABELS, 


PRICES CURRENT, 


SHOW CARDS, 


BANK NOTICES, 


ROAD NOTICES, 


STOCK LISTS, 


TAX LISTS 


BRIEFS, 


TAX BILLS, 


BUSINESS CARDS, 


ORDERS OF EXERCISES, 


A/VEDDING CARDS, 


REWARDS OF MERIT, 


VISITING CARDS, 


BILLS OF FARE, 


BALL CARDS, 


RECEIPTS, 




WAY BILLS, 


LABELS, <&c. 


^11 ofdef^, fof kiiy de^di'ipti 


oi| of Pfii)tii\^, wiU fe(^eive 


j)foir\pt kttei|tioi|, k 


t fek^oi^klble j)i'ide^. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



85 



ment would be incomplete without reference to the speciality the firm makes of rail- 
road work of all kinds ; they also publish the well-known official Pathfinder Railway 
Guide, besides making a special feature of printing tickets, which they supply in 
immense numbers for railroads all over the Union, from Canada to Texas. 

The first floor and basement are occupied by the publishing-house of James R. 
Osgood & Co., successors to Ticknor & Fields and Fields, Osgood, & Co., who 
removed here in January, 1874, from their former quarters in Tremont Street, which 
had become quite inadequate to the demands of their business and their constantly 
growing list of publica- 
tions. Their present sit- 
uation is in the very 
heart of the wholesale 
trade, and has become a 
sort of trade centre for 
bookmaking and book- 
makers' supplies, as be- 
fore the fire it was for 
the dry-goods business. 
This house has recently 
acquired the valuable 
and interesting heliotype 
process for making pho- 
tographic reproductions 
in permanent ink. The 

copies pi'inted by this franklin building, cor^jer of franklin and federai, streets, 
means from the cele- occupied by rand, averv, & co., and james r. osgood & co. 

brated Gray Collection at Harvard College have already acquired an enviable repu- 
tation. Besides this process, which is a large business of itself, the firm retains 
all the important literary relations and the valuable copyrights which have been 
aecpiired during forty years under its various names. Among its authors are 
liongfellow, Whittier, Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Holmes, Mrs. Stowe, Ten- 
nyson, Dickens, Thackeray, and many others of the first authors of America and 
England, to whom new names are added yearly, so that the new corner bids fair to 
become as famous for great names in literature as the now historic old corner has 
been in years past. 

Artemus Ward, in a saying which has become proverbial, located Harvard College 
in the billiard-room of Parker's, on School Street. But it is not with the Harvard 
students alone that the Parker House is a favorite. Charles Dickens, who had, of 
course, a predilection for a hotel on the European plan, gave it the name of being the 
best house at which he had been a guest in America. The proprietors of the Parker 
House began in a small way in another building, and gained a reputation for provid- 
ing the best that the market afforded, which they have never suffered themselves to 
lose. Their present quarters are elegant externaliy, and sumptuously furnished with- 
in. The house is patronized very extensively by persons travelling for pleasure, and is 
a universal favorite with visitors as well as citizens. Its prosperity is so great that 
the proprietors have found it necessary to make an addition of two stories to their 




86 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



present building, and to purchase an estate on Tremont Street, which has given the 
hotel a much-needed entrance from that thronged avenue. This new portion con- 
sists of a six-story marble building of fine architectural appearance, and its erection 
has added largely to the conveniences of the house. 

"We end this chapter as we began it,. with a view in State Street. This time 
our sketch shows the magnificent row of warehouses at the lower end of State 
Street, known as State Street Block, which contains some of the most substan- 
tially built and commodious stores in Boston. The former proprietors having 
filled in the dock between Long and Central Wharves, and having driven about 
eight thousand piles, began to lay the foundations of tliis structure in December, 
1856. The lots were __ 

sold by auction in 
June, 1857, one of 
the terms of the sale 
being that the pur- 
chaser should erect 
upon the lot bought 
a building in accord- 
ance with a specified 
plan, so as to make 
the entire block 
uniform. The lots 
brought prices ran- 
ging from $18.75 
down to $5.37^ per 
superficial foot. The 
building, or rather 
the collection of 
buildings, erected, 
covers an area 425 
feet long on State 
and Central Streets, 
and is of a uniform 
depth of 125 feet. 

The walls are laid in rough granite ashlar. The stores have each five stories and 
a double attic above the street, and the height of the buildings from the street to 
the crovm of the roof is about 92 feet. The general appearance of this block 
of fifteen stores is of extreme solidity and of complete adaptation to the purpose 
for which they were designed. The excellence of construction was proved by fire 
but a week after the great conflagration of November, 1872, when one of these 
stores, filled with exceedingly combustible material, was wholly destroyed without 
doing injury to the stores on either side. 

Many other wharves in Boston besides Long "Wharf are covered with solid and 
capacious warehouses, though this State Street Block is the largest and most ele- 
gant of all. The visitor in the city will find agreeable occupation for many a 
leisure hour in wandering about the wharves, Avhere there is, under the revival of 




THE PARKER HOUSE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



87 



commerce in Boston, a perpetual scene of activity. The most important wharves in 
Boston proper are those in the immediate vicinity of State Street, — especially Cen- 
tral, India, and T Wharves, where most of the large steamers in the coasting trade 
arrive, and whence they depart. Atlantic Avenue, which is rapidly becoming an 
important channel of communication between the several wharves, passes directly 
across the foreground of our view of State Street Block. This avenue was laid out 
several years ago, „^^ ^ ~v. 

after some urging by . --_- - --" - -5aiI!rL=.v 

the business men of 
the citj', and the 
wisdom of the im- 
provement has been 
amply justified by 
the result. We have 
now a broad and 
well-paved street, 
which is almost en- 
tirely given up to 
the heavy drays that 
transfer freight from 
wharf to wharf, or 
from vessels to the 
business ware- 
houses. The bene- 
fits of the avenue 
are felt not only in 
the better and 
quicker delivery of 
freight, but in the 
very sensible relief state street block. 

that has been afforded to other streets that are needed for other purposes. More- 
over, this avenue was needed and has been occupied by the Union Freight Railroad, 
which unites by a short and easy route the Northern and the Southern railway lines. 
The line reaches from the Lowell Railroad Freight Station, on Lowell Street, to the 
Old Colony, on Kneeland Street. This company owns no rolling-stock whatever, and 
its sole office is to transfer freight-cars from one line to another, or from the railroads 
to the wharves. This is done chiefly or altogether by night, and thus the regular 
traffic is not interfered with in the least. By the use of this line it has been made 
possible to load vessels at the large wharves directly from cars brought into the city 
over railroads that have no deep-water connection in the city proper. During three 
months of its operation by the company owning the road the amount of freight 
moved was something over ten thousand tons. The Old Colony Railroad Company 
now operates it under a lease. 

The retail trade of the Central District of Boston is chiefly transacted in that 
section bounded on the east by Washington Street, the greater part of the territory 
between Washington Street and the wharves being given up to wholesale business. 




88 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The ladies' quarter has its centre at the corner of Washington and "Winter Streets. 
On any pleasant day the sidewalks and stores in the immediate vicinity of that 
corner are crowded with ladies engaged in the delightful occupation of "shopping," 
and the streets are lined with their carriages. The railroads have made it possible 
for the inhabitants of the cities and towns of half Massachusetts to make their 
ordinary purchases in Boston, and the large proportion of ladies carrying little 
travelling-bags is an indication of the extent to which advantage is taken of the 
possibility. 



lillMIH TH:~il:ilrl'f\Mr- 



^rri^'i!«l!W|&lJ£j|kirir 







REVERE HOUSE, 

Boinrdoin Square^ 

BOSTOISr. 

This noted Hotel has recently been thoroughly modernized and 
thoroughly renovated. Stebbins's safety passenger-elevator, suites of 
rooms for families, with water, bathing-rooms, etc., now offer unsur- 
passed accommodations for travellers. 

The " Revere " has always been celebrated for its table and the 
attention paid its guests. Its high reputation in , these particulars 
will be maintained. 

CHAPIN, GURNEY, & CO., 

P*roprietors. 



547 WASHIIffGTOIff STREBT. 

GAS FIXTURE MANUFACTURERS. 



We would respectfully call attention to our well-selected assortment of 

GAS FIXTURES 

Being Manufacturers, we offer GREATER INDUCEMENTS to purchasers than any other 
parties in our line of business. 

Designed expressly for 

Churches, Halls, Masonic, and Odd Fellows' Buildings 



At extremely low prices. 



TVe hare constantly on hand a great variet}- of 

BRONZE STATUETTES, GROUPS, CARD RECEIVERS, 
VASES, MATCH-BOXES, &G. 



KEROSENE FIXTURES, 

French Clocks, American Clocks, 

French and American Gas Table-Lamps. 

GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING. 

J^r* Call and examine our stock and prices before purchasing. 



R. HOLLINGS & CO., 

547 Washington Street, Boston. 

(second door south of boston tiieatue. ) 

FACTORY . . No. 14 BEVERLY STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



89 



V. THE SOUTH END. 




[J|HE Soutli End of Boston, as the term is now understood, is a district of 
residences. It is true that Washington Street, throughout its whole 
k^ngth, is given uji almost entirely to retail trade, and that a considerable 
amount of business is done on other streets. There are too, here and 

there, large manufactories that are not to be overlooked. But, generally speaking, 

Boylston Street divides the business of the city on the north from the residences on 

the south. It is impossible to predict how long this state of things will continue. 

Boston business is rapidly expanding, and the room to do it in must expand likewise. 

The current is setting decidedly to the south, and year by year new advances are 

made in that direction, by both wholesale and retail trade. It is the finn belief 

of many that Columbus Avenue will ultimately become a great retail business 

street, but that is looking far into the future. Yet it can have escaped no one's 

observation, that the district between Boylston Street and the Albany Railroad is in 

the state of transition that invariably precedes the full occupation of a position by 

trade. But we must 

speak of the existing 

lines of division ; and 

for our purposes we 

regard as the South 

End, given up to rts 

idences, all the tti 

ritory bounded on 

the north and west 

by Essex, Boylston 

andTremont Streets 

and the Boston an 1 

Albany Railroad, 

and south by the 

oKl Roxbury line. 
The face of the 

country in this part 

of the city is for the 

most part level ; and 

indeed a very large 

j)art of the territory 

was reclaimed from 

the sea. A great 

1 e i.\ \ VIEW IN CHESTEK SQUARE. 

number of the horse- 
cars run to the " Neck," but the South End is no longer a neck of land. Tkere 
are many among us who remember when Tremont Street was but a shell road 




90 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



91 



across flats. Now it is a spacious avenue lined witli imposing structures, as may- 
be seen in our large view. Only a few public spaces were reserved in this part of the 
city. Franklin and Blackstone Squares are merely open spaces, — of great value, to be 
sure, for breathing purposes, but incapable, both from their small size and from their 
flatness, of being made very beautiful. Union Park, Worcester Square, and Cliester 
Square have been made desirable for residence and for public resort by simple and 
inexpensive means. The last-named has long been a favorite street for dwelling- 
houses, many of which are very elegant and costly. Through the avenue runs a 
park, narrow at the ends, but swelling out in the centre, in which are trees and 
flowers, with a fountain and a fish-pond, making the park a deliciously cool and 
pleasant spot in midsummer. Most of the streets, other than those we have 
named, though generally plea.sant, are somewhat monotonous in their appearance. 
One street, which is not an exception to the rule of monotony, but which is never- 
theless a favorite place for residences, is Columbus Avenue. This is one of the 
longest straight streets in the city. It is laid out in a direct line from West Chester 
Park to Park Square, but has thus far only been completed to Berkeley Street. It 
has been paved for the greater part of its length with wood, and this partially 
explains its popularity, for it is chosen, on account of its even pavement, as a 
driveway, by great numbers of public and private carriages, making it always a 
lively street, though never a noisy one. Columbus Avenue ends in a pleasant little 
square at its junction with West Chester Park, and when it shall have been wholly 
built up, this will be one of the most delightful spots at the South End. 

There are but few public buildings in this section of the city, and we begin by 




UIKLS lUGli AND NORMAL bCHUUU 



92 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



giving a view of one that should be characteristic of the district, as well as illus- 
trative of the admirable school buildings for which Boston is celebrated, the last and 
best school-house provided by the city for the education of youth. The Girls' High 
and Normal School is built upon a lot fronting 200 feet on West Newton and 
Pembroke Streets, and 154 feet in depth. The building itself has a front on each 
street of 144 feet, and a depth of 131 feet. The school has a capacity equal to the 
accommodation of 1225 pupils. The total cost of the land and the building was 
$310,717, of which about .$60,000 was paid for the land, and $16,000 for the fur- 
nishing. It would be impossible within our limits to give even a brief description of 
this perfect school-house. It has an abundance of rooms for every department of 
the school, for museums, and collections of all kinds of articles necessary to the in- 
struction here given. There are no less than sixty-six separate apartments, exclusive 
of halls, passages, and corridors. They are all well lighted and cheerful. The 
entire building is supplied with hot air, radiated from apparatus located in the 
cellar, and is ventilated in the most thorough manner. The large hall in the upper 
story has received, through the generosity of a number of ladies and gentlemen, a 
large collection of casts of sculpture and statuary. Every room is placed in direct 
communication with the master's room by means of electric bells and speaking- 
tubes. On the roof is an octagonal structure, which is designed to be used as an 
astronomical observatory. In every respect this school-house is suited to the purpose 
for which it was designed, and is a credit to the city. 

;, ~ ^^^^^ sg?g^5^s^ s^::^sg ?r=^r:=^^^^^^^^_ . Within a fcw yeats 

^^^ -"" ^fef - the French "flat" 
^-I-JSE - ^^^= -^ system of dwellings 
^ _j__ has been very exten- 
sively adopted in 
"Boston. There are 
now as many as 
twenty great "ho- 
tels," as they are 
called, divided into 
suites of apartments 
where families may 
lodge and "keep 
liouse" all on one 
floor. These suites 
are of various sizes, 
and are variously -ar- 
ranged, but the prin- 
ciple is the same. 
There are, too, very 
many houses former- 
ly used as single re- 
sidences, that are 

WASHINGTON STREET, WITH CONTINENTAL HOTEL. nOW Ict OUt tO ten- 

ants, who take all the rooms on one floor; and again there are "family" hotels* 





THE BEST CABINET ORGAN MANUFACTURED. 



IT HAS EECEIVED THE 

HiaUKST TKSTIMOI^IALS 

At all the Industrial Fairs and Exhibitions in which it has been entered, having been awarded 
PREMIUMS OVER AL,I, COMPETITORS. 

PROFESSIONAL MUSICIANS 

Freely express their admiration of its superior merits, — commending it for its purity and sweetness 
of tone, volume of power, quickness of response, beauty of design, and thoroughness of construction. 
The Company employ the BEST SKILIi known in the manufacture of Reed Organs ; and, with 
every invention necessary to the production of the best class of work, at the minimum cost, they are 
able to produce an instrument unrivalled, and at prices as low as it is possible for first- 
class work. 

The Organs are of great variety and style, being adapted for use in the Parlor, Churches, Schools, 
Lodges, etc. 

Every Instrument ivarranted for tlie term of Five Tears. lUustrated Cat- 
alogrues sent free to any part of the country. 



THE NEW ENGLAND ORGAN CO., 

1299 Washington Street, Boston. 



BIGELOW, KENNARD, & CO., 

DIAMONDS, 

Clocks, Watches, and Jewelry. 

ARTISTIC AND ORNAMENTAL 

BROIVrZBS. 

SILVER 8l silver-plated WARE. 

The Newest Productions and Best Workmanship. 

New No. 501 Washington Street, cor. of West Street, 

BOSTON. 

STEARNS BROS., 

INSURANCE AGENTS. 



OFFICES: 

INos. 12 Kilby St. and 134 Summer St, 

BOSTON. 



ODD SOFAS, DIVANS, LOUNGES, OTTOMANS, DINING-CHAIRS. 

FIRST - CLASS WORK ! 

My large stock comprises, anions mmy other designs, the Egyptian Chair, Large Turkish Chair, Newport, 
Grant, Dog-Head, Lar^'c Wiiillirop, Lafayette, Kcclihing, Oxford, Ladies' Reclining, Large 
Crinoline (No. 1), Small Crinoline (No. 2), French Reclining, I'hiladclphia Reception, 
Univerpal Chair, Ladies' Nurse Chair, Zouave Chair, Congress Hall, Hall Chairs, 
Small Turkish, Saratoga Chiir. Lolling Chair, Large Spanish, Small Spanish, 
Goddar(i,(;i'7its' l.nsli^h (nrw paderni, C.cnis' Siiiokng Cliair, La- 
dies' I'arlor Ann, Fnnch I'arlor, Codiiinn (two sizes), Sar- 
gent, tients' Cluh-Ilouse, Low English, Jladelaine 
Chair, Ladies' .Sewing Chair, I'eabody Chair, 
Chairs for Worsted Work, Star 
rattern, etc., etc., etc. 
COMPRISING 300 DIFFKKENT PATTERNS. 
Also, 3 lot of Odd Solas, Lonnses, etc., etc. Persons about buying will save money by calling in 
as I can sell .^O per cent less than on lower floors. 

No. 544 Washington Street, BOSTON, 

s. F". so:]vc:e3:fi.s. 

Opposite ADAMS HOUSE Cup stairs). 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



93 




HOTEL BOYLSTON. 



where the apartments are arranged for the most part in suites, but where there 
are no kitclieus, thus obliging the guests to take their meals at a restaurant, or at 

a table d'hdtc. But ^, ^ 

we have now to do ^^ ^^ °^^^fe ^^ _ 

with the French 
sj'stem, pure and 
simple, wliich is il- 
lustrated in the im- 
mensely long and 
commodious Conti- 
nental Plotel, in the 
Hotel Berkeley, and 
the Hotel Boylston. 
In structures of this 
class, a family rents 
a siute of rooms all 
upon one floor. 
Each suite has its 
own front door, — 
opening into a gen- 
eral hall, to be sure, 

— with an entry hall, parlor, dining and sleeping rooms, kitchen, etc. It is a house in 
itself. The tenant is generally relieved of tlie necessity of buying fuel, the heat being 
supplied by steam from the basement. Except that he uses the same street-door, 
the same staircases, and the same hall with his felloAV-tenants, he is as isolated from 
the rest of the world as lie would be in a house of his own. The Hotel Pelham, 
on the corner of Boylston and Tremont Streets, M'as the first hotel of this kind 
erected in Boston, but of late the system has become exceedingly popular, and the 
demand so far exceeds the supply that proprietors are able to ask and to obtain 
large prices for rent. One of the most elegant of this class of dwelling-houses is 
the Hotel Boylston, opposite the Hotel Pelham and the Masonic Temple. It has 
been but recently erected by the Hon. Charles Francis Adams. Its architecture is 
remarkably pleasing and tasteful, and its location gives it a great advantage over 
some other fine buildings that must be examined, if at all, from the opposite side 
of a narrow street. The interior has been arranged with great care to fit it for 
occupation by families, and its central location, added to its own excellence and 
elegance, liave already made it a great favorite with those who are fortunate enough 
to have their domicile beneath its roof. 

Some also of the largest hotels of the old-fashioned sort in the city are within the 
South End district. "We give a sketch of one, —the St. James. It was built by Mr. 
M. M. Ballon, and opened in April, 1868. Standing as it does upon Newton Street, 
facing Franklin Square, the beauty of its proportions may be seen to the best ad- 
vantage. It is elegantly finished and furnished throughout, with all the appliances 
of a modern hotel, including a passenger elevator worked by steam. The great din- 
ing-hall is capable of seating two hundred and fifty people. Some of the rooms in 
this hou.se are most sumptuously furnisiied. During the short time it has been open, 



94 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




ST. JAMES HOTEL. 

Among a great number of churches in this part of the city, only a 
.few can be mentioned. Most prominent already, though it is not yet 
completed, is the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, on Washington and 
Maiden Streets. The corner-stone of this church was laid in the 
summer of 1867. An army of workmen has since been engaged upon 
it at all seasons when building was possible, but it is still far from 
completion. The great tower at the northwest corner will be 300 feet 
high, and so immensely high are the walls of the church, 
and so large is the surface of ground covered by it, that 
this height is only in strict proportion to the other dimen- 
sions of the structure. Already a smill chapel — small, 
however, only in 

comparison with ~ 

the rest of the 
building — has 
been finished, and 
its gorgeoiisness of 
color and the ele- 
gance of the fit- 
tings and ornamen- 
tation exceed that 
of any other church 
in New England. 
Even this is sur- 
passed by the deco- 
ration of the Cathe- 
dral itself, which 
has not yet been, 
consecrated. It is 

CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY CROSS. 



it has had for guests 
several distinguished 
persons, chief among 
whom is President 
Grant. Another ho- 
tel, and a most ele- 
gant one, is the 
Commonwealth, on 
Washington Street, 
between Worcester 
and Springfield Sts. 
The material of the 
fronts on each of 
these streets is mar- 
ble, and the hotel is 
finely finished and 
furnished throusjhout. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



95 



claimed that the numerous and wide entrances of the great auditorium will 
permit the exit of a full congregation more rapidly and easily than from any 
other church in Boston. Probably something of the same spirit that led the 
Old South Society to insert over its church-door a tablet recording the fact 
that it was "desecrated by British soldiers" during the Eevolution, and that 
led the people of the Brattle St^uare Church to biuld the cannon-ball from Bun- 
ker Hill into the wall of their edifice, has inspired the Roman Catholics to 
construct a part of the wall of this cathedral with brick from the ruins of the 
Ursuline Convent in Somerville. That convent was burned in 1834, and the 
ruin being at that time a more effective reminder of the popular hostility to 
the sect than a new convent w^ould be, it was never rebuilt. It is somewhat 
singular that the Catholics have suffered less in Boston from proscriptive laws 
and the activity of religionists opposed to them than the Baptists or the Episcopa- 
lians. In lt!47 a lav/ was passed prohibiting any ecclesiastic ordained by the 
authority of the Pope or See of Rome from coming into the colony, but there is 
no evidence that it was ever enforced, or that any one ever suffered in person or 
property in Massachusetts by the authority of the government exercised against 
the Roman Catholic faith. In 1788 a Catholic chapel was dedicated. It is prob- 
able that services had been held in Boston long before, but neither, then, nor 
before, nor since, so far as the records show, was any attempt made to suppress 
them. Contrasted with their lot, the imprisoned and banished Baptists, the pro- 
scribed Episcopalians, and the executed Quakers, had a hard time indeed. 

Not very far distant from the Cathedral, on Harrison Avenue, are the Church of 
the Immaculate Conception and Boston College (which is under the auspices of the 
Catholics), side by side. The church was begun in 1857, and dedicated in 1861. 




CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION AND BOSTON COLLEGE. 

It is a solid structure of granite, without tower or spire. Above the entrance on 
Harrison Avenue is a statue of the Virgin Mary, with an inscription in Latin, 
while above all stands a statue of the Saviour, with outstretched arms. The 
interior of this church is very fine. It is finished mainly in white, except at the 



96 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



altar end, where the ornamentation is exceedingly rich and in very high colors. 
The organ is regarded as one of the most brilliant in the city. This church has 
always been noted for the excellence of its music. The college was incorporated in 
1863, and has been very successful. The number of students is smaller than in 
some of the other colleges in the State ; still, it is increasing, and the class of 
young men who here receive higher education is one not reached by the Protestant 
colleges. The cost of the church and the college buildings was about $350,000. 

Among the many Protestant churches in this district of the city we speak of but 
one, the Methodist Church, on Tremont Street, between Concord and Worcester. 

This has long been 
regarded as one of 
the finest church 
edifices in Boston, 
as it certainly is the 
finest belonging to 
the Methodist de- 
nominatioji. It was 
one of the first, if 
not the very first, 
constructed of the 
Roxbury stone, 
which has now be- 
; come so very popu- 
lar. The plan of the 
church, with its 
spires of unequal 
height at opposite 
corners, is unique, 
and the effect is ex- 
ceedingly pleasing. 
The society worship- 
ping here was for- 
merly known as the 
Hedding Church. 
Meetings were first 

held at the corner of Shawmut Avenue and Canton Street in 1848. A brick cluirch 
was built the next year on South William Street, which was occupied until the 
present edifice was dedicated, on the 1st of January, 1862. The structure is in the 
plain Gothic style, and stands on a lot 202 feet long and 100 feet in depth. The 
entire cost of land, buildings, bell, and furniture, was only $68,000. The land 
alone is worth much more than that sum to-day, and the church could not be 
replaced, if it were destroyed, for the amount originally paid for the entire estate 
of the church. 

More than twenty years ago the expediency of establishing a City Hospital was 
mooted. The physicians of the city urged it very strongly, and the subject was 
much discussed in the City Council. But, like many other projects of the kind, this 




METHODIST CHURCH, TREMONT STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



97 



one was put off from year to year, although the necessity for such an institution was 
all the time growing gi-eater. At last in 1858 the Legislature gave the city the 
necessary authority, and in the last days of December, 1860, a lot of land on the 
South Bay territory, owned by the city, was appropriated for a City Hospital. The 
work was begun in the fall of 1861, the buildings were dedicated on the 24th of May, 
1864, and opened for the reception of patients the following month. The lot of 
land on which the Hospital stands contains nearly seven acres, occupying the entire 
square bounded by Concord, Albany, and Springfield Streets, and Harrison Avenue. 
A Idvuv tract of laud east of Albany Street is also occupied for hospital purposes. 




CITY HOSPITAL. 



The Hospital proper consists of a central building for administration, pay-patients, 
and surgical operating-room ; two pavilions connected with the central building by 
corridors ; and another pavilion for separate treatment. The architectural elfect, as 
Nvill be seen from our sketch, is very fine. The Hospital receives and treats patients 
gratuitously, thougli many pay for their board, thereby securing separate apartments 
and additional privileges. During the year ending with the month of Apiil, 1874, 
there were 3435 patients treated witliin the Hospital, besides 9272 who were under 
medical treatment in the department for out-patients. For the support of the in- 
mates of the institution during that year the city paid more than $108,000. 

Tlie people of the South End have been, until recently, without any general mar- 
ket ; but the want has now been supjilied. A great market l)uilding was erected in 
1870 at the comer of Washington and Lenox Streets, and is thus accessible to the 
peo])le both of the South End and of Koxbury. The building is about two hun- 
dred and fifty feet in length, and the lot on which it stands is about one hundred 
and twenty feet wide. There are nearly one hundred stalls. This is one of the neatest 
and best kept markets in the city. Its stalls are clean and bright as well as roomy, 
and the general facilities for doing business here by the market-men from the coun- 
try, by the occupants of the stores, and by the general public, are of the very best. 

On one of the most conspicuous sites at the South End, on tlui corner of Berkeley 
and Tremont Streets, stands the now nearly completed Odd Fellows' Hall. It is a 



98 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




WASHINGTON MARKET. 



building was completed before the winter set in 

been completed, and the hall has been dedicated and occupied 



building of elegant design and of imposing §ippearance. The near expiration of the 
lease of the halls now occupied by the order compelled the Odd Fellows to seek quar- 

^_- _^^:: ters from which they 

f-- "'--' ^.^, could not be driven. 

The step was decided 
upon in January, 
1870 ; the Odd Fel- 
lows' Hall Associa- 
tion was incorpo- 
rated by the Legisla- 
ture at that time in 
session, the money 
was raised, the site 
purchased, and work 
was begun inunedi- 
ately. The comer- 
stone was laid in the 
summer of 1871, and 
the exterior of the 
Since then the interior has 
This structure 
covers about 
twelve thou- 
sand square 
feet, and is 
constructed 
of Concord 
and Hallow- 
ell Avhite 
granite. Itis 
four stories 
in height, of 
which the 
first or street 
- story con- 
tains seven 
large stores, 
with spa- 
cious base- 
ments be- 
neath, ex- 
tending out 
under the 
sidewalks. 

The second story contains one audience-hall, with convenient anterooms and 
side-rooms ; also six offices on Tremont Street, Avith entrance from Berkeley 




ODD FELLOWS BUILDING. 



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T. B. ALDRICH'S STORIES. 



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NEW ENGLAND FELT ROOFING CO., 

LEVI L. WHLCUTT, Treas. 17 Central Street, Boston. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



99 



Street. The third story has three large working-halls, with suitable {inte- 
rcoms, side-rooms, and closets ; also grand lodge oflice and grand master's 
private room, with other appendages ; also library-room and four committee 
rooms. In the fourth story is one mammoth hall, fifty-four by ninety-four, 
and twenty- five feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling, with anterooms 
and side-rooms ; also a banquet-hall, twenty-six by one hundred and ten feet, 
with adjoining rooms and closets. The roof story contains the encampment hall 
and other available rooms. The grand entrance to all these halls is from Tremont 
Street, 

The Central Club is an organization lately formed. It began in a little circle, 
holding almost infomial meetings at the St. James Hotel, in 1869. The necessity 
for a social 
club at the 
South End 
had long 
been felt by 
many, and 
this organi- 
zation rapid- 
ly increased 
in member- 
ship. Only 
a few months 
after the ear- 
liest meet- 
ings, rooms 
were leased 
on Concord 
Street ; and 
in the new 
quarters the 
Club was 
once more 
besieged 
with appli- 
cations for 
admission to 

membership. Another removal became necessary, and in 1871 the elegant brown- 
stone residence on the corner of Washington Street and Worcester Square was 
leased for a temi of seven years. The Central Club, having fitted up this build- 
ing in a manner combining elegance and comfort, removed thither early in 1872, 
but has since been for a short time dispossessed by a fire. The apartments are 
spacious, admirably arranged, and richly furnished. From the large cupola, which 
is reached by a winding staircase, a fine view of the harbor, the Highlands, and the 
surrounding country, can be obtained. 

The passenger station of the most important railroad leading out of Boston, the 




CENTRAL CLUB. 



100 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston and Albany, is situated on Beach Street, between Albany and Lincoln Streets. 
It is a plain structure of brick, and is neither as commodious, as convenient, nor as com- 
fortable as the business of the company warrants and demands. The company itself 
is aware of this, and has been for some time contemplating the erection of a larger 

and better sta- 
tion, but as yet 
its plans have 
not been ma- 
tured. This 
station is divi- 
ded longitudi- 
nally, so that 
outward and 
inward bound 
trains leave and 
arrive at two 
practically dis- 
tinct stations, 
— a plan which 
greatly lessens 
the confusion 
usually arising 
from the meet- 
ing of opposing 

cuiTents of passengers. The Albany road exceeds all the other railroads centring 
in Boston, not only in length, but in the amount of business done both in passen- 
gers and freight. Its supremacy in the latter particular is very marked. The 
Eastern Railroad now exceeds in the number of passengers carried, though the 
length of the Albany road makes its business in this dejiartment much the larger, 
but the Albany road transports more merchandise than all the other railroads enter- 
ing Boston combined. Although others of our railroads have Western and Southern 
connections, the Albany has the greater part of the land travel to New York and 
the South, as well as of the travel to Albany and the West. And it is very much 
the most important line of transportation of freight, especially of Western produc- 
tions, to Boston. 

The Old Colon)' Railroad serves the entire South Shore of Massachusetts and 
Cape Cod ; and it also by recent purchase is the sole owner of one of the most pop- 
ular railroad and steamboat lines to New York, known as the "Fall River Line." 
The growth of both local and through business on this line during the past few years 
has been very great, owing to the rapid increase of population along the line and 
the enterprising management of the company's affairs. The latter fact is illus- 
trated by the encouragement given to new settlers in suburban villages. A year 
or two ago the company offered a free pass for a term of years to every per- 
son who would buy and occupy during that time a house at WoUaston Heights in 
the town of Quincy. The result of this experiment has been an immense increas* 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



101 



in the revenue 
of the company 
from that sta- 
tion. Similar 
liberality on the 
part of other 
railroads would 
doubtless lead 
to equally grat- 
ifying results. 
The station 
building of this 
road, at the 
corner of Knee- 
land and South 
Streets, makes 
no architectural 
pretensions ex- 
ternally, but 
within it is one 
of the largest 
and best struc- 
tures of the 
kind in the 
city. Its wait- 
ing-rooms and offices are light and airy, and are made as comfortable as the most 
comfortless of apartments, railroad waiting-rooms, can be. 

The United States Hotel, one of the largest hotels in the city, is directly opposite 
the Albany Station ; and being, at the same time, one of the best kept public housea 
in Boston, and near the centre of business, it has a deservedly large share of thp 
patronage of travellers. 




OLD CnLONY RAILROAD ST\riON. 




102 * ^BOSTON tLLUSTBATED. 



VI. THE HAEBOE. 

BOSTON HARBOR is protected by tlie natural breakwater on which stands 
the town of Hull. This is a very singular peninsula, jutting northward 
from the South Shore, and partially enclosing a very extensive tract of 
water. Hull has several points of interest. Nantasket Beach, on the 
side of the peninsula towards the sea, is one of the finest on the coast, and it has 
therefore become a favorite place of resort in the summer for thousands of the citi- 
zens of Boston, The summer population is largest at the lower or southern end of 
the peninsula, while the permanent population is mostly concentrated near the 
other extremity. It is the latter part of the town that is represented by our view. 
On the high hill, which overlooks tlie entire entrance to Boston Harbor, is situated 
the observatory, from which the arrival of vessels, their names, and the point 
whence they come, are telegraphed immediately to the Merchants' Exchange in the 
city. Hull is one of the smallest towns in Massachusetts, and there have been 
many jokes at its expense on this accoimt. The vote of the town is almost 
always one of the first returned at a general election. From this there has arisen 
the curious saying, "As goes Hull, so goes the State," ^^ a saying which is very 
far from true. Dr. Holmes said in his Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table, that in 
this town they read a famous line with a misjironunciation pardonable under the 

circumstances, — 

"All are but parts of one stupendous Hull." 

The harbor of Boston is filled with islands, most of which have a history that it 
would be exceedingly interesting to recount. That of Castle Island, on which Fort 
Independence now stands, is more prominent in colonial and revolutionary annals 
than any other, both because it was the first island fortified and because it was so 
accessible from the town. The guns of the Castle were the excuse given by the 
owners of the tea-ships for not going to sea again with the cargoes which were 
afterwards destroyed ; and this island was the scene of many a fatal duel in the 
olden time. Thompson's Island is remarkable for its fantastic shape, which has 
been likened to that of an unfledged chicken, and also for the numerous and pro- 
tracted controversies that have taken place to settle the ownership of the island in 
the early days of the colony. Spectacle Island, so named from its form, was for- 
merly used for quarantine purposes, but is now given up to the very offensive busi- 
ness of converting retired car horses into a variety of useful products. Most of the 
islands were granted by the General Court, during the first years of the settlement 
of Boston, to persons who agreed to pay a yearly rental in shillings or rum for their 
use. Ultimately they became private property either by compounding for the 
yearly rent or by a sort of pre-emption which was accomplished without the aid of 
any other law than that of possession. 

Numerous steamboats ply between the city and the places of resort in the harbor 
and just outside of it. For almost the smallest of fees one may steam in and out 



7fjf;^ 




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BOSTON, 

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particular. Under its present management it has undergone thorough 
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IProprietors. 



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THE BOSTON HERALD 

R. m, PULSIFER * CO., 

Editors, Proprietors, and Publishers. 



Publication Office 241 "Washington Street. 

Editorial, Mechanical, and Delivery Departments . . 6 Williams Court. 



The Herald is independent in politics, and devoted primarily to the 
interests of the great masses as distinguished from the interests of political 
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THE SUNDAY HERALD 

has an average circulation of 35,000, contains only a limited number of 
advertisements, and for Boston and its immediate suburbs, is 

THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM IN THE CITY. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



103 




between the several islands, and en- 
joy, on the most sultry of d.ays, a cool 
and refreshing breeze, together with 
the most delightful and ever-changing 
scenery. Among a great many points 
of interest only a very few can be here 
mentioned, and we confine ourselves 
to the lighthouses and some of the 
fortifications. The first fort built up- 
on Castle Island was constructed in 
1634, and since that time the island 
has always been fortified. The works 
have been rebuilt a great many times. 
Castle William stood on this island 
wlien the Kcvolutionary war broke 
out, and when the British troops were 
obliged to evacuate Boston they de- 
stroyed the fort and burned it to ashes. 
The Provincial forces then took pos- 
session of the island, and restored the 
fort. In 1798 its name was formally 
changed to Fort Independence, -^the 
President, John Adams, being present 
on the occasion. In 1798 the island 
was ceded to the United States. From 
1785 until 1805 this fort was the 
place appointed for the confinement 
of prisoners sentenced to hard labor, 
provision having been made in the 
act of cession to the United States 
that this privilege should be retained. 
The present fort is of quite recent 
construction. 

Directly opposite Fort Indepen- 
dence, as one enters or leaves the in- 
ner harbor by the main ship-channel, 
is the still uncompleted fortification 
named Fort Winthrop, on Governor's 
Island. The island was granted to 
Governor Winthrop in 1632, and was 
subsequently confirmed to his heirs. 
In 1640, the conditions of his owner- 
ship having already been once previ- 
ously changed, he was granted the 
island on condition of paying one 
bushel of apples to the Governor and 



104 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



one to the General Court in winter, annually. It continued in the sole possession 
of the Winthrop family until 1808, when a part of it was sold to the governnient 




FORT INDEPENDENCE. 

for the purpose of erecting a fort, which was named Fort "Warren. The name given 
to the work now in process of erection is Fort Winthrop, in honor of the Governor 
of Massachusetts Bay and first owner of the island, while the name of the former 
fort has been transferred to the fortification further down the harbor. When fully 
comiileted, Fort Winthrop is intended to be a most important defence to the harbor. 




FORT WINTHROP. 



Fort Warren is situated on George's Island, near the entrance to the harbor, and 
is the most famous of all the defences of the city. George's Island was claimed as 
the property of James Pemberton of Hull as early as 1622. His possession of it 
having been confirmed, it was bought, sold, and inherited by numerous owners, 
until 1825, when it became the property of the city of Boston. It is now, of course, 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



105 



Uiidor tlic jurisdiction of i\w. Unite 




1 States government. The construction of the 
jjresent fort was begun in April, 1833, 
and was completed in 1850. The ma- 
terial is finely hammered Quincy gran- 
ite, and the stone faces, as well as those 
parts that have been protected with 
Ldrth and sodded over, are as neat and 
tum as art can make them. The fort 
lb one of great strength, but, it has 
never yet been needed to defend the 
harbor of Boston. During the Rebel- 
lion, it was used as a place of confine- 
ment for noted Confederate prisoners, 
the most famous of all being the rebel 
commissioners to Europe, Mason and 
Slidell, who were sent here for confine- 
ment after their capture on board the 
Tient by Commodore Wilkes. 

About two miles from Fort Warren, 
nearly due east, and at the entrance 
of the harbor, is the Boston Light. 
The island on which it stands has been 
used as a lighthouse station since 
1715, when the General Court of the 
colony passed the necessary acts. The 
Imd was generously given to the col- 
ony by the owners of it, though as 
there is soil on only about three quar- 
teis of an acre, the rest of the two or 
three acres being bare, jagged rock, 
the gift entailed no great loss upon 
them. In the time of the Revolution, 
the lighthouse was the object of much 
smxll warfare, and was several times 
destroyed and rebuilt. In 1783 it was 
once more restored by the State, being 
built this time of stone ; and it is this 
lighthouse which still stands at the 
mouth of the harbor, thougli it has 
since been enlarged and refitted sev- 
eial times. The top of the lighthouse 
now stands ninety-eight feet above the 
k\el of the sea, and is fitted with a 
le^olving light which can be seen from 
a distance of sixteen nautical miles in 
fair weather. 



106 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 




BOSTON LIGHT. 



Still nearer to Fort Warren, and on the direct line to Boston Light, is the Spit, or 
Bug Light. It is a cu- 
rious structure. The 
lower part is a system 
of iron pillars fixed in ^B 
the rock, affording no ^J 
surface for the waves 
to beat against and 
destroy. Tlie fixed red 
light is about thirty- 
five feet above the 
level of the sea, and 
can be seen at a dis- 
tance of about seven 
miles in clear weather. 
This light was built 

• Tor,? Ti- 1 • 4. • DUG LIGHT. 

in 1856. Its object is 

to warn navigators of the dangerous obstacle known as Harding's Ledge, about two 

miles out at sea, east of Point AUerton, at the head of Nantasket Beach. 

The lighthouse on Long Island was built in 1819. The tower is twenty-two feet 
in height, but the light is eighty feet above the level of the sea. The tower is of 
iron painted white ; the lantern has nine burners ; the light is fixed, and can be seen 
in a clear night about fifteen miles. The object of the light is to assist in the 
na\ngation of the harbor. The government is at present erecting on Long Island 
head a strong battery, which has not yet been named. There have been several 
attempts to make Long Island a place for summer residences. There has been a 




JANUARY 1, 1875. 



THE MUTUAL 

Iiife Insurance Company 

OP 

HlZVir YORK. 

(Illustration, of New Building on page 81.) 



FREDERICK S. WINSTON, President. 



Office^ 140 to 146 Broadixray, 



CORNER OF LIBERTY STREET. 



Assets, $75,000,000. 



RICHARD A. McCURDY, 

Vice-President. 

JOHN M. STUART, W. H. C. BARTLETT, LL. D., 

Secretary. Actuary. 

O. H. PALMER, Solicitor. 

ISAAC L. KIP, M.D., ) 

> Medical Examiners. 
G. S. WINSTON, M. D.,) 



a.m:os d. smith, 3d, 

GENERAX AGENT. 



Temporary Office, Nos. 18 & 19 Sears Building, Boston. 

Office ill New Building: as soon as conB|>l4'tod. 



CHARLES A. SWEET & CO., 

BANKERS, 

4:0 ST-A.TE5 STI=LE5E3T. 



All issues of United States Government Bonds, Coupon 
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STOCKS, Bonds, and other securities bought and sold on 
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CHARLES A. SWEET & CO., 

OLD STAND OF 

BREW^STER, S^^EET, & CO., 
No. 40 State St.^ Boston. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



107 



hotel on the island for some years, but it has been popular only intermittently. 
There is no good reason why these charming islands should not be so occupied in 
preference to some of the more distant points on the coast, where only occasional 




LONG ISLAND LIGHT. 

cool breezes relieve the lieat of sunnner. An admirable suggestion has been made, 
that the city purchase Long Island, or some other large island in the harbor, and 
convert it into a park, to which visitors might be carried on the pa}Tnent of a fare 
no larger than is demanded for a ride in the horse-cars. 

East of Long Island head there is a low, rocky island on which stands a singularly 
shaped monument. It consists of a solid structure of stone, twelve feet in height, 
and forty feet square. All the stones in this piece of masonry are securely fastened 
together with copper. Upon it stands an octagonal pyramid of wood, twenty feet 
high, and painted black. It is supposed that this monument was erected in the 
earliest years of the present century, though the date is not known. Its purpose 
was to warn vessels of one of the most dangerous shoals in the harbor. This island 

is known as Nix's Mate, though for what reason is 
^_ not known. There is a tradition, unsupported by 
Ms facts, that the mate of a vessel of which one Cap- 
tain Nix was master, was executed upon the island 
for killing the latter. But it was known as "Nixes 
Hand," as long ago as 1636, and this would seem 
to dispose of the story. It is, however, true, that 
several murderers and pirates have been hanged 
upon the island, and one William Fly was hanged 
there in chains in 1726 for the crime of piracj'-, on which occasion, the Boston 
News Letter informs us. Fly " behaved himself very unbecomingly, even to the 
last." It is a part of the tradition above referred to that Nix's mate declared 
his innocence, and asserted, as a proof of it, that the island would be washed away. 
If any such prophecy was ever made, it lias certainly been fulfilled. We know 
by the records that it contained in the neighborhood of twelve acres in 1636 ; 




NIX S MATE. 



108 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



there is now not more than one acre of shoal, and there is not a vestige of soil 
remaining. 

Point Shirley is the southern extremity of the town of Winthrop, but it properlj' 
comes into any notice of Boston harbor. Its chief attraction is Taft's Hotel, noted 
for its game dinners. Indeed Point Shirley, ever since it received its present name, 
has been synonymous with good cheer. A company of merchants purchased it in 




POINT SHIRLEY. 



1753, designing to establish a fishery station. They never put the property to its 
intended use, but when they were ready to advertise the place, they invited Gover- 
nor Shirley to go down to the spot with them. He accepted, the party had a fine 
time and a fine dinner, and, by pemiission of his Excellency, what had before been 
known as Pulling Point was dubbed Point Shirley. The name of Pulling Point has 
since been transferred to another point of land on the same peninsula. 

"We have only glanced at the harbor and a few of the numerous places of interest 
in and about it. The merest mention only can be made of some of the other points 
that are worthy of being seen, and of being illustrated and described. The islands 
in the harbor are many, and of very peculiar shapes, which fact has given some of 
them their names, — as, for instance. Spectacle, Half Moon, and Apple Islands. 
Few of them are occupied, and many are uninhabitable, but the sail among and 
around them is in the summer time a most agreeable change from the hot brick walls 
and dusty streets of the city. If we extend our view beyond the harbor along the 
north shore we shall see Eevere Beach, — one of the finest on the coast, — Lynn, 
and Nahant. Both the latter places may easily be visited by steamers. Nahant is 
perhaps the chief glory of the north shore. It is a peninsula connected with the 
mainland at Lynn by a long narrow neck, upon which is a noble beach. Those who 
dwell upon tlie peninsula regard its comparative inaccessibility as something strongly 
in its favor. They have not allowed a hotel to be erected upon it since the destruc- 
tion by fire of one that formerly stood in the town. Nahant is a favorite resort for 
picnickers, for whom a place has been specially provided which is fantastically called 
Maolis Gardens, — Maolis being nothing more than Siloam .spelled backwards. For 
the rest, Nahant is occupied by wealthy citizens of Boston who have erected for them- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 109 

selves in this secluded place elegant summer residences where, in the midst of their gar- 
dens and groves and lawns, they may live as freely and as quietly as they wish. The 
sea- view is magnificent. The peninsula lies near to the entrance of Boston harbor, and 
is practically an island at some distance from the coast. All the grandeur of the sea 
in a storm, and all the beauty of the sea on a fine day when the horizon is dotted 
with the white sails of arriving and departing vessels, the dwellers at Nahant enjoy 
at their grandest and most beautiful. Beyond Nahant are Egg Rock, a small island 
still farther than Nahant from the coast ; Marblehead Neck and Point, which are 
rapidly coming into favor as summer resorts ; Swampscott, already one of the most 
fashionable of the coast watering-places ; and Cape Ann, with its succession of heau- 
tiful sea-side villages, — Beverly Farms, Manchester, Gloucester, Kockport, and 
Pigeon Cove. On the south coast we may find equally interesting and equally beau- 
tiful places. At Hingham, among other objects to be noticed, is the oldest church 
edifice in the countrj'^ ; and off Cohasset is the famoiis Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, a 
solid stone structure that stands where a former lighthouse was destroyed by a storm 
some years ago, on one of the most dangerous and most dreaded rocks upon our 
coast. 




110 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



VII. NEW BOSTON AND THE SUBUKBS. 

E have already said that Boston has gi'own in territorial extent not only 
by robbing the sea, but by absorbing other outlying tracts of land and 
whole municijDalities. The first addition of the latter kind was made in 
1637, when Noddle's Island was "layd to Boston." It was of very 
little use to the town, however, for it was practically uninhabited until 1833, when a 
company of enterprising capitalists bought the entire island and laid it out for im- 
provement. Its growth since that time has been very rapid, and it is still capable 
of great increase in population, as well as in wealth and business. A part of South 
Boston was taken from Dorchester in 1804 by the Legislature, much against the will 
of the people of that town, and annexed to Boston. Again, in 1855, the General 
Court added to the territory of the city by giving to it that part of South Boston 
known as Washington Village. However, Boston has now made it all right with 
Dorchester by taking to itself all that remained of that ancient town. Koxbury, 
which had a history of its own, and a name which many of the citizens were exceed- 
ingly loath to part with, became a part of Boston on the 6th of January, 1868. It 
was incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston, it was the home of many dis- 
tinguished men in tlie annals of Massachusetts and the country, and it took a glori- 
ous part in the several struggles in which the Colonies and the Union were engaged. 
In the old times, when a narrow neck of land was the only connection between 
Boston and Roxbury, there were good reasons why the two should be under separate 
governments ; but long ago the two cities had met, and joined each other. It was 
not uncommon for buildings to be standing partly in one city and partly in the other. 
A man might eat dinner with his wife, he being in Boston, while she, on the 
opposite side of the table, was in Roxbury. When at last the long- vexed question 
was submitted to the voters of the two cities, it was enthusiastically decided by both 
in favor of union. Dorchester was incorporated the same day as Boston. It too had 
its history, and but for the manifest advantages to both municipalities of a union, 
might have retained its separate existence. The act of union, passed by the Legisla- 
ture in June, 1869, was accepted by the voters of both places the same month, and 
the union was consunmiated on the 3d of January, 1870. The Legislature of 1873 
passed separate acts annexing Charlestown, West Roxbury, Brookline, and Brighton, 
to Boston, each case being made independent of the others and dependent upon the 
consent of the parties to the union. Only Brookline uttered a "nay " to the wooer, 
and the other three became parts of Boston at the beginning of 1874. It is with a 
few among the many objects of interest in these outlying parts of Boston, and in 
the suburbs, that we shall have to do in this chapter. 

One of the most interesting of the public institutions in the city is the 
Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, at South Boston. 
It has been more than forty years in operation with uninterrupted and most 
remarkable success. It was instituted in 1831. In the following year. Dr. 
Samuel G. Howe undertook its organization, and began operations with six blind 
children as the nucleus of a school. For a year the institution was greatly ham» 



BOSTON 



Safe Deposit and Trust Company, 

POST OFFICE SQUAEE, COE. MILK &, CONGKESS STS. 




Capital, 



400,000. 



PRESIDENT, 
FRANCIS M. JOHNSON. 

VICE-PRESIDENTS, 
Frederic W. Lincoln, 
Francis Dane, 
Thomas Talbot. 



DIRECTORS, 
Charles F. Adams, Jr., Oliver Ditson, 
George W. Bond, Richard S. Fat, 

Nathaniel J. Bradlee, James Longlet, 
Benjamin F. Brooks, William JMixter, 
Samuel C. Cobr, Hpnry L. Perce, 

John Cummings, RotalM. Pulsifer, 

Secretary and Mana-^er of Safe Deposit Department, 
Edward P. Bond. 



William E. Putnam, 
M. Denman Ross, 
David N. Shillings, 
Benjamin F. Stevens, 
John H. Tuorndike. 



CHARTERED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF MASSACHUSETTS 

For the SAFE KEEPING of Government Secwrities, Stocks, Bondn, Coin, Plate, 
Jewelry, and other valuables; 

For the RENTING OF SAFES inside of its Fire and Burglar Proof Taults ; 

And for the transaction of a TRUST AND BANKING BUSINESS. 

Money received on Deposit and Interest Allowed thereon. Interest and other 
income collected and remitted. 

The Company nccnpv tlie whole basement of the building of the N(>w England Mutual Insurance 
Company. No' expense has been spared to make the premises pprfectly seeUre. I he building is abso- 
lutely Fire-Proof throughout. Ihe vaults are c)f massive masoiUv and liletal, atld arc lined with welded 
steel and iron. Ample offices for the use of safe-rcntern, with Bepilrfttc room for ladiesi 



THE PEERLESS" FURNACE. 



The most Powerful, Economical, and Durable 
Furnace ever Manufactured. 



ENTIRELY FREE FROM GAS. 



The following letters conceraing the merits of the Peerless Furnace fully explain themselves : — 

Chapel Station, Brookline, October 21, 1874. 
Messrs. Pratt & Wentworth. 

Gentlemen, — I gave you some results of trials made with your "Peerless Furnace " under hourly 
observations, last winter. On resuming the use of the apparatus for mild weather, of greatly varying 
temperature, I am so impressed by the ease of control that I cannot resist expressing to you my grati- 
fication and even surprise at the complete satisfaction the furnace has given. 

I confess to a feeling of gratitude which the comfort and freedom from all the usual objections urged 
by those who have not enjoyed the advantages a good furnace secures, and I wish my influence would 
operate to the exclusion of the imperfect devices sot^ommon. 

If you meet any doubters, you may show them this hearty and unsolicited expressiou in favor of 

your invention. Truly, your obliged friend, 

A. A. HAYES, M. D. 



Chapel Station, Brookline, April 16, 1875. 
Mesrrs. Pratt & Weniworth. 

Gentlemen, — About six months since I expressed to you my opinion of the very satisfactory man- 
ner in which your " Peerless Furnace " warmed my rooms in changeful weather. 

It is due to the excellence of the form and workmanship of the furnace, and the careful manner in 
which the heated air is sent out of the air-chamber, that effects have been secured which, under the 
most severe trials of extreme cold and sudden changes, were unexpected. 

My whole house has been kept warm, day and night, without any other fire ; and during the time of 
lowest temperature and prevalence of storms there has been a reserve of power of heating not called for. 

The weight of fuel actually consumed has been less, in thus assuring constant warming, than I have 

expended in other forms of furnaces, where partial warming only resulted. I am more than satisfied 

with your furnace. Respectfully, 

A. A. HAYES, M. D. 



PRATT & I^ITEWTWORTH, 

MANUFACTURERS, 

Nos. 87, 89, and 91 North Street, 

BOSTON. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Ill 



pered by a lack of funds ; but a promise of an annual grant by the Legisla- 
ture, a generous sum raised by a ladies' fair, and liberal contributions by the 
people of Boston, 
speedily settled 
the financial 
question and 
opened a period 
of prosperity and 
usefulness which 
lias continued to 
the present time. 
The amount of 
good done by this 
Institution during 
the forty years it 
has been in op- 
eration is incalcu- 
lable. Wonders 
have been accom- 
plished in the in- 
struction of un- 
fortunate youth 
deprived of sight, 
and in some cases, 
notably that of 
Laura Bridgman, 
the absence of the 

sense of hearing also has not been an insuperable obstacle to learning. During 
its whole existence, this asylum for the blind has been under the direction of 
Dr. Howe, and a great deal of the success of the experiment is to be credited to 
his peculiar fitness for the position, and to his devotion to its interests. The 
main building, which is shown by our sketch, is situated on high ground on 
Mount Washington. Quite recently the plan of the institution has been changed. 
The sexes are entirely separated, the ladies and girls having been removed ta four 
dwelling-houses built for the jmrpose. The inmates, of both sexes, are divided into 
families, each of which keeps a separate account of its expenses. The Asylum is 
j)artly self-supporting, such of the pupils as are able to pay maintaining themselves 
as at a boarding-school, and all the inipils being taught some useful trade. Several 
States, particularly the New England States, pay for the sujiport of a large number 
of beneficiaries. 

The Boston and Albany Railroad Company has earned the gratitude of the busi- 
ness men of Boston by many enterprises, which have both increased its great reve- 
nues and added to the commerce of Boston, but by nothing more than by its pur- 
chase and extensive use of the Grand Junction Railroad and the Wharf at East Bos- 
ton. The railroad forms a connection between the main line of the Boston and 
Albany, and the Fitcliburg, Lowell, Eastern, and Boston and Maine Railroads, and 




PERKINS INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND. 



112 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gives the Albany road a deep-water connection. Wheat-trains from the West are 
here emptied of their contents by machinery directly into an elevator which has 

lately been doubled in size. 



and will have, when fully 
completed, a capacity of a mil- 
lion bushels, from*which in 
turn vessels may be rapidly 
loaded. Ample facilities are 
afforded for loading and un- 
loading the Cimard steamers 
which swell so largely the 
tables of exports and imports 
of this jiort. And the facili- 
ties for the reception and de- 
spatch of immigrants at the 
Grand Junction Wharf are 
unequalled by those of any 
. other city on the continent. 
^ Such as are to continue their 
g journey by land into other 
H States are provided with every 
w comfort, and completely se- 
2 eluded from the sharpers who 
K are always on the look-out 
I for an opportunity to swindle 
z the poor foreigners unused to 
H the customs and often igno- 

1 rant of the language of the 
p country, until they are sent 

2 away in trains over the Grand 
Junction and the Boston and 
Albany roads without be- 
ing compelled even to pass 
through the city. The amount 
of business transacted at this 
wharf is immense, but the 
statistics would hardly con- 
vey a proper idea of it to 
those who have not made 
the transportation question a 
special study. The railroad 
and whai"\-es were built in 
1850 - 51, and on the occa- 
sion of their opening a three 
days' jubilee was held in Bos- 
ton, in which many notables, 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



113 



the President of the United States among them, participated. But the sanguine 
expectations of the people of Boston were not realized until long afterwards. The 
enterprise did not pay. And when the present owners came into possession of the 
property in 1868, no train had been run over the road in fourteen years. Vast 
improvements have been made since then. The manner of doing bu.siness at the 
wharf, as well as its immense amount, is interesting enough to repay amply the 
trouble of a visit. Our sketch shows the extent of the improvements, and gives a 
good view of the city from East Boston. 

Eliot S(|uare, into which Dudley, Washington, and other streets converge, is a 
Rmall park in Eoxbury, which possesses several points of interest. Here stands the 
old Unitarian meet- 
ing - house of the 
first church in Rox- 
Imry, taking rank 
in age next after 
the first churcli in 
Boston. Over this 
church the Rev. 
Dr. George Putnam 
has been settled 
for more than forty 
years. The dwell- 
ing-houses in this 
square are many of 
them old, this part 
of Roxbury having 
been settled lon^ first chvrch in KOxnuRV, an-d the Norfolk house. 

before the over-crowded streets of Boston sent thousands of the citizens to seek 
sites for modern villas on the more picturesque hillsides of this and other suburban 
towns. On this square, too, stands the Norfolk House, a fine building externally, 
and a favorite boarding-hotel. 

One of the most important improvements in the Cochituate water-works was 
made in 1869, when the stand-pipe in Roxbury was erected and put in use. By 
this simple expedient, which has been found to work admirably in practice, the 
"head" of water has been increased over the whole city so greatly that the pure 
water is forced to the highest levels occujned by dwelling-houses. The stand-pipe Ls 
on the "Old Fort" lot in Roxbury, })etween Beech-Glen Avenue and Fort Avenue. 
The base of the shaft is 1,'J8 feet above tide marsh level. The interior pipe is a 
cylinder of boiler iron, eighty feet long ; and around this pipe, but within the exterior 
wall of brick, is a winding .staircase leading to a lookout at the top. The total cost 
of the stnicture and the pum])ing-works connected with it was about $100,000. 
It was at first intended to supply high service to only those paiis of the city at the 
higher levels, but its capacity was found adequate to the supply of the whole city, 
and the use of the old reservoir on Beacon Hill was therefore abandoned, though it 
would doubtless become useful in case of an accident to these works. 




114 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Eoxbury always had a good reputation 
for remembering its great men. Ameri- 
can cities do not nowadays follow the cus- 
tom of naming districts or wards after 
their famous men, and in some of them 
even the streets are mostly called by num- 
bers. Paris goes to one extreme, com- 
memorating days and historical events by 
such names as Rue Dix Decembre. Rue 
de la Dette, changed from Boulevard 
Haussmann, and so on. New York and 
Washington go to the other extreme with 
their Avenue A's, and their Four-and-a- 
half Streets. Boston has gone but slight- 
ly into this unromantic nomenclature, and 
Roxbury not at all. We have still our 
Dudley, Eustis, and 
Warren Streets, and 
numerous others 
named in memory 
of distinguished citi- 
zens. General Jo- 
seph Warren has 
been especially" re- 
membered, for besides 
the street which 




bears his name, 
there is a steam fire- 
engine called after 
him, and the dwell- 
ing-house that 
stands on the spot 
where his house 
stood, bears a tab- 
let commemorating 
the fact. The house 
stands in a charm- 
ing site behind a 
row of fine old 
trees. 

In another part 
of Roxbury is the 



STAND-Piri- OF COLIIITUATE WATER-WORKS. 




famous chromo-lithographic 
establishment of Prang & Co. 
The process of making chro- 
mos is one of the most inter- 
esting of the arts. The care 
with which each stone must 
be prepared, every one adding 
one color, and only one, to 
the picture that is by and 
by to appear ; the successive 
steps by which apparently 
sliapeless patches of color 
are transfonned into excel- 
lent and artistic imitations 
of well-known oil paintings, 
— these and other facts to be 
learned by a visit to such an 
establishment are of great 
interest. This factory of 



WARKEN HOUSK. 



A NEW DEPARTURE 



FROM 



THE OLD TRACKS OF TRADE. 



THE 



Boston Commercial Bulletin, 

Established 1859, 

IS ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE THE 

BEST PAPER OF ITS GLASS. 



In its FORTY LONG COLUMNS five weekly recorded 

Valuable News and Information for all who Buy, Sell, 
or Manufacture, 

WHICH CANNOT BE FOUND ELSEWHERE. 



MARKET REPORTS, not Merchants' Circulars or Sawdusty Quo- 
tations, but Current Prices and actual Transactions of Trade. 

IIVSURANCE NEWS, that should be read by all whose life or property 

is insured. 

The following features are ENTIRELY ORIGINAL with the Bulletin: 

THE BUSINESS CHANGES of the United States. A weekly record 
of New Firms, Admissions, Withdrawals, Dissolutions, Failures, and Suspensions. The 
only paper in the United States that gives such a list. 

MANUFACTURING NEWS of the United States, carefully classified 

and prepared. A complete Directory for the Manufacturer and Mechanic. 

THE GOSSIP OF TRADE. Interesting facts in regard to all de- 
scriptions of Merchandise, — where produced, made, bought, and sold, and what is the 
latest news of them. 

THE SPICE OF LIFE. A column of entirely original Lively and 
Humorous Reading. 

SPECIAL ATTENTION IS ALSO GIVEN TO 

FREIGHT AND TRAVEL NEWS, MONEY MATTERS, ETC. 

OFFICE, BULLETIN BUILDING, 

275 ■Washington Street, - - - Boston. 

CURTIS GUILD & CO., Proprietors. 



PRANG'S AMERICAN CHROMOS. 



From EVERT SATUKDAT of April 20, 1872. 

" Prof. Heinrich Weishaupt, of Munich, author of several treatises on lithography, and one of the 
inventors of chromolithography, he having produced the first chromolithographs in Germany, at the 
time when Engelmann was doing the same thing in France, writes as follows to a gentleman of this 
city, who sent him some specimens of the publications of L. Prang & Co. : ' These exquisite produc- 
tions of American color-printing, from the world-renowned establishment of Mr. L. Prang, are of very 
great interest to me ; and I have seen from them that they do indeed by far excel the best European 
color-prints. It is obvious that this process has reached the highest summit of its development in 
America ; and in view of such perfect reproductions of oil-paintings, it only remains to be wished that 
the classical works of our most eminent German and other painters be widely distributed by these 
means, so as to aid the cause of general intellectual culture, and of a true love for art.' Prof Weishaupt 
being an expert in these matters, his testimony is certainly very flattering to L. Prang & Co." 



PRANG'S ART EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS. 

Messrs. Prang & Co. publish the following important educational works : — 

PROFESSOR WALTER SMITH'S TEXT-BOOKS OF ART 
EDUCATION — for Public Schools. 

WATER-COLOR STUDIES — for the use of Art-Schools and Art- 
Students. 

PARALLEL OF HISTORICAL "ORNAMENT - a selection of 
Prominent and Characteristic Examples in the diflferent styles, ar- 
ranged so as to present, both in form and color, a comparative view 
of their principal features. 

PLANT FORMS, ornamentally treated, exhibiting a number of Plants 
in their Natural Colors, with an Analysis of their parts, and their 
application to conventionalized ornament. 

INDUSTRIAL DRAWING PLATES — for the use of Mechanics 
and Industrial Drawing Schools. 



t^* For full particulars address 



L. PRANG <£ CO., 

Art and Educational Publishers, .... Boston 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



115 



Prang's is the most extensive of the kind in the country, and it is to the credit 
of Boston tliat the reputation of the chromos produced here is not inferior to 
that of any others. ^^ -^Ss^s^ 

Many, indeed, pre- -^--=ii5-_£35=--^s-^-^^ ^~ 

fer American litho- 
graphs to those 
made in Europe, 
and when American 
cliromos are men- 
tioned, it is usually 
Prang's that are 
meant. 

Dorchester was a 
delightful old town 
and a charming new 
town. It retains its 
ancient character- 
istics, and some of 
the very old houses rjp 
are still preserved. ^'^ 
But its picturesque 
hills and its iine 
old woods have 
within the past few 

years made it a favorite place for the erection of elegant country residences. On 
many of the es- 'f'j -i^y, 

tates vast sums -^■S^.^&i^ix^^ 

of money were 
lavished. The 
«kill of the ar- 
chitect and the 
art of the land- 
scape - gardener 
were invoked to 
render these i-e- 
treats as mag- 
nificent as pos- 
sible. By such -~ 
means the scen- 
ery of Dorches- 
ter has been 
made exceed- 
ingly rich and 
varied. Here 
the road passes meeting-i.ouse hill. 

through the midst of large and finely kept estates, surroimding handsome dwelling- 





116 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



houses, to 



I^lunge into a wilderness, where the fields ftre harren and rocky, and the 

forests in all their primitive wildness. 
Again we come upon a thriving 
village, and pass out of it to find 
new beauties by the sea-side. "We 
give two views of Dorchester scen- 
ery, the one showing Meeting-House 
Hill, which is one of the land- 
marks in Dorchester, and the other 
Savin Hill, as seen from Dorchester 
Point, — the first belonging to the 
older part of Dorchester, the latter 
comparatively new as a place of resi- 
dence. 

The estate known as Grove Hall, 
at the junction of "Warren Street and 
Blue Hill Avenue, in Dorchester, was 
j)urchased for the Consumptives' 
Home a few years ago, and is now 
occupied by that and its attendant 
institutions. It is a very large and 
spacious mansion, and is surrounded 
with ample grounds, making the situ- 
ation a most pleasant retreat for the 
poor, diseased people who come here 
for treatment and cure, or for a com- 
foi'table home until they are released 
from suffering by death. The system 
on which the Consumptives' Home 
is supported is the same as that upon 
which the famoiis orphan asylum of 
Miiller is maintained. The founder 
was Dr. Charles Cullis, whose atten- 
tion Avas drawn, in 1862, to the lack 
of provision in any existing hospital 
for persons sick with consumption, 
and incurable. He began without 
any funds, and makes it a practice 
to depend upon daily contributions 
for the daily wants of the Home. 
Dr. Cullis calls this institution "A 
"Work of Faith," because he has never 
solicited any donations, but has 
prayed to God for aid in the work ; 
and he looks upon the contributions 
he receives as direct answers to his 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



117 




prayers. The receipts from casual donations, -from the proceeds of a fair, and from 

the estate of the late Miss Nabby Joy, in 1871, exceeded the sum of fifty-five 

- r,. thousand dollars. The usual number of patients 

is from thiity-five to fifty ; it scarcely need be 

said that there are frequent changes, owing to 

the liopelcss nature of the disease. The j)lan 

of the institution is to admit all poor persons 

sitk with consumption, and without home or 

friends to . relieve them, 

^_l_rr_ W^-== old or young, black or 

'^^^=- wliite, native or foreign. 

All are, in the language 

of the Report, " freely 

received in the name of 

the Lord." 

The history. of the Bos- 
ton Waterworks belongs 
properly in a description 
of the Brighton District, 
where the most extensive 
and costly work is. The 
original introduction of 
water is mentioned on page 
consumptives' home, DORCHESTER. 28. Tho growth of the 

city has been so wonderful that what was originally calculated to be a sufficient 
supply of water for half a century was, in a few years, found to be inadequate. 

Again and again have 
measures been taken 
to make good the de- 
ficiency. In 1872 a 
comprehensive scheme 
was entered upon 
which, it was hoped, 
would avert for 
an indefinite period 
all fears of a water 
famine. That this 
hope has been dis- 
7 appointed and that a 
still more extensive 
^^ and expensive scheme 
has been adopted, 
Zrz ^^ namely the introduc- 
tion of the use of 
the Sudbury River, 

ENTRANCE TO THE RESERVOIR GROUNDS. • , , r i • i 

is matter of history. 
The necessity for building a new reservoir, for the purpose of storing the water that 




118 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




JORDAN. niARSH, & GO.. 



Man-afactiarers, Importers, Jobbers, 
and Hetailers 



OP 



FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 



DKY GOODS 



CARPETS 



OF EVERY DESCMP^TION, 



JORDAN, MARSH, & CO., 

Washington and Avon Streets, Boston. 



CROSBY, MORSE, & FOSS, 

Jewellers, Silversmiths, and Diamond Cutters. 



DEALERS IN 



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SILVER AND PLATED WARE. 



MANUrACTUKERS OF 



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MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 

Parlor Furniture, 

LOUNGES, SOFAS, EASY-CHAIRS, &C, &C. 

Church Furniture, 

laodge Furniture^ 

DESIGNED AND MADE TO ORDER. 

SALESROOMS: 

27 Sudbury, corner Portland Street, - - - Boston. 



L P. SARGENT & CO., 
CARRIAGE BUILDERS, 

THE LARGEST WAREROOMS IN NEW ENGLAND. 



14 to 22 Sudbury, cor. Friend St., 
53 to 55 Portland Street, 

NEAR HAYMARKET SQUARE. 

BRANCH WAREROOMS, 155 TREMONT ST. 



BOSTON ILL USTEA TED. 



119 




usually ran to waste over the dam at Lake Cochituate during and after the spring 

and fall freshets, was urged by 
the Water Board in 1S63, but 
_^ nothing-was then done about it, 

^g= M^^^^^ The next year the City Council 
began to move in the matter. 
In 1865 the Legislature gave the 
necessary authority to the city. 
Pui chases of land were imme- 
diately uuxde, and the work be- 
gun. ]\Iore than two hundred 
acies of laud, costing about 
!? 120, 000, were deeded to the 
Lity before the reservoir was 
finished. Like the Brookline 
GATE HOUSE, CHESTNUT HILL. Eeservoii', it constituted a natu- 

ral basin. It is five miles from the 
Boston City Hall, and one mile from 
the Brookline Reservoir. It lies whol- 
ly in the Brigliton district of Bos- 
ton, near Chestnut Hill, from which 
it derives its name. It is, in fact, a 
double reservoir, being divided by a 
water-tight dam into two basins of 
irregular shape. The surface of wa- 
ter ill both is about one hundred 
and twenty-five acres, and when 
fiUect to their fullest capacity the 
two basins will hold nearly eight 
hundred million gallons, or a suffi- 
cient supply for the entire city for 
several weeks. As we have said, even 




THE DRIVE, ON THE MARGIN OF THE SMALL RESERVOIR. 



120 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



this addition to the works has been found inadequate, and during the year 1872 

thority was obtained for the city to 

take water from the Sudbury Kiver. 

A temporary supply was procured by 

connecting the river with Lake Cochit- 

uate, and the work of bringing the 

water to the reservoirs by independent 

mains is now in progress. 

The Chestnut Hill Reservoir is not 
only a great benefit to the city in its 
practical uses, it is also a great pleasure 
resort. A magnificent driveway, va- 
rying from sixty to eighty feet in 
width, .surrounds the entire work, and 
is one of the greatest attractions of the 
suburbs of Boston. It is, in fact, the 
most popular drive in the vicinity. In 
some parts the road runs along close 
to the embankment, separated from it 
only by the beautiful gravelled walk 
with the sodding on either side. 
Elsewhere it leaves the embankment 
and rises to a higher level at a little 
distance, from which an uninterrupted 
view of the entire reservoir can be had. 
The scenery in the neighborhood is so 
varied that it would of itself make this 
region a delightful one for pleasure 
driving, without the added attractions 
of the charming sheet of water, the 
graceful curvatures of the road, and 
the neat, trim appearance of the green- 
sward that lines it throughout its en- 
tire length. 

Before the introduction of water from 
Lake Cochituate the city was dependent 
upon wells and .springs, and upon Ja- 
maica Pond, in the then town of AVest 
Roxbury, wliich is now Ward Seventeen 
of Boston. A company was incorporat- 
ed in 1795 to bring water into Boston 
from that source, and its powers were 
enlarged by subsequent acts. It was 
for a long time a bad investment for 
the shareholders. Afterwards the com- 
pany had a greater degree of prosperity, 
and at one time it supplied at lea.'rt 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



121 



fifteen Imndud lions( s m Boston 




The water was conveyed through the streets hy 
four main pipes, consisting of pine 
logs. Two of these were of four 
inches, and two of three inches bore. 
The water thus brought into the city 
was conveyed nearly as far north as 
State Street. In 1840 an iron main, 
ten inches in diameter, was laid 
through the whole length of Treiaont 
Street to Bowdoin Square. The com- 
pany was ready to increase the supply 
very largely, but the prospective 
wants of the city were far beyond the 
capacity of Jamaica Pond to supply, 
and the Lake Cochituate enterprise 
not only prevented the aqueduct com- 
pany from enlarging its oiierations, 
but rendered all its outlay in Boston 
useless and valueless. The city, how- 
ever, made compensation by purchas- 
ing the franchise and property for the 
sum of $ 45,000, in 1851. The prop- 
erty, minus the franchise, which the 
city of course wished to extinguish, 
was sold in 1856 for $32,000. At this 
time the pipes were disconnected at 
the Roxbuiy line, but those in Boston 
were never taken up. At present the 
chief practical use of Jamaica Pond is 
to furnish in winter a great ([uantity 
of ice, which is cut and stored in the 
large houses on its banks for consump- 
tion in the wami weather. It is a 
great resort for young and some older 
people in the winter for skating. 
Beautiful residences line its banks, 
and the drive around it is one of the 
most beautiful of the many which 
make the suburbs of .Boston so at- 
tractive to its own citizens and to 
strangers. In summer there is much 
pleasure sailing and rowing on the 
pond, and in jiast years there have 
been several interesting regattas up- 
on it. 

Forest Hills Cemetery, also in the 



122 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




"West Roxbury district was originally established by the city of Koxbury, of which 
the town at the time formed a jjart. It was subsequently conveyed to the predeces- 
sors of the present - ^ . 
proprietors. It is a 
little larger in ter- 
ritory than Mount 
Auburn, but it is 
by no means so 
crowded as the 
older cemetery. It 
contains a great 
number of interest- 
ing memorials of 
persons, some of 
them eminent in 
the history of State 
and nation, who 
have gone. The 
burial-lot of the 
Warren family is 
on the summit of 
Mount Warren. 

ENTRANCE TO FOREST HILLS. 

The remains of 

General Joseph Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill, have been taken from the Old 
Granary Burying-ground in Boston, and reinterred in this cemetery. Within 
a few years the finest receiving-tomb in any cemetery in the country has been 
built at Forest Hills. The portico is nearly thirty feet square, and is built in the 
Gothic style of architecture in Concord granite. Its appearance is massive, without 
being cumbersome. Within there are two hundred and eighty-six catacombs, each 
for a single coffin, which are closely sealed up after an interment. The entrance 
gateway to Forest Hills Cemetery is a veiy elegant, costly, and imposing structure 
of Roxbury stone and Caledonia freestone. The inscription upon the face of the 
outer gateway is, — 

"l AM THE RESURRECTION AND THE LIFE," 

in golden letters. On the inner face is in similar letters the inscription, — 

"he THAT KEEPETH THEE "VVIiL NOT SLUMBER." 

The groiinds of the cemetery, like those of Mount Auburn, are exceedingly 
picturesque, the variety of hill and dale, greensward, thickets of trees, pleasant 
sheets of water, and rocky eminences, making the place an exceedingly attractive 
spot to wander and read the story of lives that are spent. And the hand of art 
has added much to the natural beauty of the place. 

Charlestown is noted for containing Bunker Hill, as interesting a spot as our 
Revolutionary history can boast. And the monument that crowns the hill is so 
conspicuous as hardly to require that attention should be directed to it. The 



DODGE, COLLIER, & PERKINS, 

255 Washington Street, - - - Boston. 



THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF 

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WHITE, SMITH, & CO., 

516 (Old Nos. 298, 300) Washington St.^ 

BOSTON, 

rUBLISlIEKS AND DEALERS IN 

SHEET MUSIC, MUSIC BOOKS, &c. 

PUBLISHERS OF 
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ORGANISTS' QUARTERLY JOUKNAl, AND RKVIEW. Eugene Tiiatek, Editor. 

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VIOLIN AND PIANO QUARTERLT JOURNAL. !»2.00 per annum. 
PETERSILEA'S SYSTEM FOR THE PIANO. Boards. *2.50; clolli, S> 3.00. 
BOSTON CONSERVATORY METHOD FOR THE PIANO. Si2.50. 
TVHITE'S SCHOOL FOR THE REED ORGAN. In press. S 2..10. 
HARP OF PRAISE. New churcli music book. In press. Per doz. S 12.00; single copies, 

si.sd. 

Any of the above sent post-paid on receipt of price. 



OBER'S, ■ - 4 Winter Place. 



The French Hotel 

AND 

RESTAURANT, 

Iffo. 4 WTinter Place, Boston, 

Having been newly arranged and furnished throughout, commends itself to the favor of 
gentlemen of Boston and vicinity, and strangers, as the 

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IW NEW ENGLAND, 

Where every convenience has been provided for the accommodation of individuals or 

parties. 

laSALS AlffD LUIVCHES 

SERVED AT ALL HOURS, DAY AND EVENING. 



TABLE D'HOTE. Breakfast at 11 A. M. Dinner at 6 P. M. 

" REGULAR DINNER," Six Courses, Price 75c., from 1 to 4 P. M. 



This liestnurant Pnrisien was never so popular as the public have made it during 
the past year, and the proprietor will spare no pains to maintain, in every essential, the 
high reputation which the house has always enjoyed. 

IS^W^ The proprietor retains his unequalled facilities for the direct importation of 

FRENCH AND GERMAN WINES, 

Which he can supply at all times, wholesale or retail, at lowest possible prices. 



LOUIS P. OBZZR^ Proprietor. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



12^ 



event it celebrates and the consequences of that event, the appearance of this im- 
posing granite shaft, and the magnificent view of the entire surrounding country to 
be obtained from its observatory, are, 
or should be, familiar to ever)' citizen 
of New England ; and no visitor to 
Boston from more distant parts of 
the country is likely to return home 
without ascending the monument as 
a good patriot. Tlie oration deliv- 
ered by Daniel Webster at the dedi- 
cation of the monument on the anni- 
versary of the battle of Bunker Hill, 
the 17th of June, 1843, has been de- 
claimed by every school-boy. That 
anniversary is still, and should long 
remain, a holiday, — a day to be cel- 
ebrated in C'harlestown and through- 
out the State and country as long as 
the Republic, which owes so much 
to that memorable contest, shall 
stand. 

No visitor to Charlestown should 
leave it until he has visited the Unit- 
ed States Navy Yard, established by 
the government in the year 1800. 
Tlie yard has since been very gi-eatly 
enlarged, and extensive and costly 
buildings have been erected upon it. The dry-dock, which was begun in July, 
1827, and completed six years later, is a magnificent and most substantial work 
of granite masonry, 341 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 30 feet deep, which cost even 
in those days of low prices $675,000. The granite ropewalk too, the finest struc- 
ture of the kind in the country, and a quarter of a mile in length, will not fail to 
attract attention. Several of the largest vessels of our old navy were built at this 
yard. Of late, while the government has been reducing, rather than increasing, 
its naval force, the work here has been confined chiefiy to repairs upon old vessels, 
and the busy activity of past years is no longer seen. 

No other city in the country can boast such suburbs as Boston has. For extent 
and beauty, they are unrivalled. The picturesque hills, separated by beautifully 
winding rivers, make, of themselves, an ever-varied picture of oliarming landscape. 
Art has .added greatly to the beauties which nature has so lavishly scattered. Al- 
most every available site for a fine country residence has been occupied, and all that 
wealth could do to improve upon natural attractions has been done. But this is not 
all. Large cities and a score of flourishing towns have sprung up, where city and 
country are pleasantly commingled ; and everywhere throughout the large district 
of which Boston is the centre may be seen evidences of industry and thrift, excellent 
roads, neat fences and hedges, thriving gardens and orchards, comfortable, taste- 




BUNKER HILL MONUMENT. 



124 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



fully built, and well-painted houses. 




Nor are these towns and cities destitute of a 
history, which, did space permit, 
should be told at length. We 
can merely glance at a few of the 
more noticeable objects of interest 
in some of the surrounding places, 
leaving it to each citizen and vis- 
itor to search out the others, with 
the assurance that one can hardly 
go astray in seeking for them, 
whatever be the direction taken. 

The United States Marine Hos- 
pital at Chelsea, which appears on 
the right in the background of the 
sketch of the Navy Yard, is a 
large and handsome structure 
upon the crest of a high hill, near 
_ the mouth of the Mystic River. 
o This institution, as well as the 
o Naval Hospital, at the foot of the 
tH same hill, Avas erected and is 
2 maintained by the general gov- 

s ernmcnt for the benefit of invalid 

o 

fc sailors. The situation is salubri- 

q" ous, and the prospect from the 
J Marine Hospital, overlooking as 
> it does the harbor and two or 
2 three cities, is very fine. 
g Passing now into Cambridge, 
^ we must first notice it as the site 
of the most famous, as well as 
most ancient, university in the 
country. It was but six j^ears 
after the settlement of Boston 
that the General Court appro- 
priated four hundred pounds for 
the establishment of a school 
or college at NewtoAATi, as Cam- 
bridge Avas then called. As this 
sum was equal to a whole year's 
tax of the entire colony, we may 
infer in what estimation the ear- 
liest colonists held a liberal edu- 
cation. Two years after, the 
institution received the liberal be- 
quest of eight hundred pounds from 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



125 



the estate of the Rev. John Harvard, an English clergyman, who died at Charles- 
town in 1638. The General Court, in consequence of this bequest, named the 
college after its generous benefactor, and changed the name of the town where 
it was located to Cambridge, Mr. Harvard having been educated at Cambridge in 




GORE HALL, HARVARD COLLEGE. 

old England. The college was thus placed on a finn foundation, and by good 
management and the prevalence of libei'al ideas, under the fostering care of the 
Colony and the State, and the almost lavish generosity of alumni and other friends, 
it has assumed and steadily maintained the leading position among the colleges of 
the country, its only rival being Yale. The college long ago became a \iniversity. 
Schools of law, medicine, dentistry, theology, science, mining, and agriculture, have 
been established in connection with it, each endowed with its own funds, and each 
inde[)endent of all the others, except that all are under one general management. 
The college yard contains a little more than twent3'-tvvo acres, and nearly the whole 
available .space is already occupied by the numerous buildings required by an institu- 
tion of such magnitude. Several of these buildings deserve separate mention, but we 
have space for but a brief allusion to them. One of the most famous was built with 
the proceeds of a lottery, in the days when that form of gambling was held to be 
consistent with good morals. Some of the more recently erected dormitories are fine 
specimens of architecture and admirably suited to the use for which they were de- 
signed. But the most noteworthy addition to the cluster of buildings in late years 
is the Memorial Hall, erected in memory of Harvard men who died in defence of the 
Union. It is a noble structure, and will when fully completed be the most prominent 
feature on the grounds. The great hall is now used as a dining-hall by several 
hundred of the students. An important change has been made within the past few 
years in the government of the university ; the overseers, constituting the second 



126 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




LITTLE CLASSICS. 



" A series of exquisitely printed little volumes in flexible binding and red edges, 
■whicli gather up the very choicest tilings in our literature in the way of short 
tales and s^etclies." — Buffalo Courier. 



THE PROSE SERIES INCLUDES TWELVE VOLUMES, 

AS FOLLOW.S : 

VII. — Romance. 



I. — Exile. 
II. — Intellect. 

III. — Tragedy. 

IV. — Life. 

V. — Laughter. 
VI. — Love. 



VIII. — Mystery. 
IX. — Comedy. 

X. — Childhood. 
XI. — Heroism. 
XII. — Fortune. 



Tastefully bound. Price, $1.00 each. Sold separate or in sets. 



" Too much praise cannot be accorded the projectors of this work. It lays, for a very small sum, 
the cream of the best writers before the reader of average means." — JVew i'ork Commercial Advertiser. 

"Confessedly the best miscellaneous collection of short stories anywhere attainable." — //a/'^/ojJ 
Courant. 

"There is no other collection of short stories equal in value and variety. " — Boston Advertiser. 

" Every one of these books is worth reading and buying." — Springfield Republican. 

" These selections are made with exquisite taste, and appear in the daintiest Uttlo volumes imagi- 
nable." — Chicago Post. 



*^* For sale h\j all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, on receipt of price hy the publishers, 

JAMES R. OSGOOD & CO., Boston. 

JAMES SWORDS' 

INSURANCE AaEN'CT, 

22 Exchange Place, Boston, 

REPRESENTS THE FOLLOWING COMPANIES : 

Jan. 1, 1R75. 

Traders' Insurance Co., of Chicago, m. - - - • Assets, $750,782.90 

Girard Insurance Co , of Philadelphia, Pa. - • • " 833,263.92 

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Insurance effected in Responsible Companies at current rates. 



UNIVERSITY PRESa 




j ^CAMBRiaGiL, MASS^ 

1K^ 



(CamBtribge^ (Wlam. 



This well-known establishment is prepared to do all kinds of Printing 
in the best style. The proprietors have recently imported several series 
of foreign types, English, German, and Greek, which are to be found in 
no other office in this country. They have taken especial pains to pro- 
cure the most perfect faces of Greek type, and have the most extensive 
and complete series in America. 

Particular attention is given to Fine Printing, and especially the print- 
ing of Cuts. 

Among the many books which they have printed, they refer to the fol- 
lowing : — 



Harris's Insects of Massachusetts, 
Gesenius's Hebrew Grammar, 
Dana's Geological Story, 
Sibley's Harvard Graduates, 
Whittier's Snow-Bound, 
Beecher's Life of Christ, 
Ticknor's Life of Prescott, 
Crosby's Anabasis, 
Woodbury's German Grammar, 
Swinton's Geography, 



Catalogue of Zoological Museum, 

Account of the Great Comet of 1868, 

Guizot's History of France, 

Geological Survey of California, 

Baird's Birds of North America, 

Walton's Angler, 

The Wide Awake, 

D'Ooge's Demosthenes de Corona, 

Little Classics, 

Whitney's Yosemite Guide-Book. 



Employing experienced proof-readers and the most skilful workmen, and 
giving our pa-sonal attention to every detail of our business, we shall en- 
deavor to maintain our reputation for accurate and elegant printing in all 
its various branches. 

WELCH, BIGELOW, & CO. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



127 



and more numerous branch of the university legislature, were originally the Governor 
and Deputy-Governor, with all the magistrates, and the ministers of the six adjoin- 
ing towns. After numerous changes, which were, however, only changes in the 
manner of selecting the clergymen who should constitute this board, the power of 
choosing the overseers was, in 1851, vested in the Legislature. All this system has 
since been abolished. The graduates of the college have been gi-anted the privilege 
of choosing the entire board ; and every member of it, as now constituted, has been 
elected by this constituency. The advantages of thus making those who are most 
interested in the good management of the college partially responsible for its govern- 
ment were at once apparent, and other colleges have not been slow in practising 
upon so satisfactory an experiment. Another change, which has been gradually 
going on for some years, gives students a much wider range of studies than formerly. 
The number of elective studies has very greatly increased, and one is not now, 
as fonnerly, compelled to pursue a fixed and unalterable course, but may choose 
the branches he will pursue in accordance with his tastes and his intended business 
in life. The number of students in all branches of the university, by the latest 
catalogue, was 1,196. There are eight libraries connected with the university, con- 
taining in all about 203,000 volumes, of which 148,000 are in the college library 
in Gore Hall, a view of which we give. The university is now imder the able presi- 
dency of Charles W. Eliot. 

Cambridge is noted not only for being the seat of the first college in Amer- 
ica, but for having been the first place in the country where a printing-press was 
setup. In 1639 
a press was 
brought over 
from England, 
and put in op- 
eration in the 
house of the 
President, who 
had the sole 
charge of it 
for many years. 
The first thing 
printed upon it 
was the Free- 
man's Oath, fol- 
lowed by an 
Ahnanack for 
New England, 
and the Psalms 

,, , , 1 THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE. 

"newly turned 

into meter," A fragment of the last-named work is preserved in the college library, 
and copies of it may still be seen in sonic antiipiarian libraries. Cambridge has at 
the present day some of the largest and most completely furnished printing-offices in 
America, conspicuous among which is the University Press of Welch, Bigelow, & Co. 




128 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Their ofSce is one of the most celebrated in the conntry for the quality and 
accuracy of its work. Many of the hundreds of thousands of books published 
annually in Boston, and not a few of those issued by publishers in New York, 
including illustrated books requiring the finest workmanship and the greatest care, 
are ]irinted and bound at this establishment. 

Not very far from the college grounds stands one of the few famous trees of the 
country, — the Washington Elm, — the only survivor of the ancient forest that origi- 
nally covered all this 
part of Cambridge. 
It was under this 
tree that General 
Washington took 
command of the Con- 
tinental army on the 
morning of the 3d of 
July, 1775. A neat 
fence surrounds this 
giant of the ancient 
forest, and an in- 
scription commemo- 
rates the imjiortant 
event which was the 
most interesting in 
its centui'ies of ex- 
istence. 

At a short dis- 
tance from this fa- 
mous elm, on the 
load to Watertown, 
iiear Brattle Street, 
stands the house 
used by the pa- 
triot general 
as his head- 
quarters. It 
was pre\'iously 
the residence 
of ColonelJohn 
Vassal, a royal- 
ist or Tory, but 
was used by 
General Wash- 
ington on its 
abandonment 
by the owner ; 
and here con- 

RESIDUNCE OF H. W. I.ONGFKLLOW. tinUCa tO DC 




BOHTON ILLUSTRATED. 



129 



the head-quarters of the American army, for the greater part of the time, until the 
evacuation of Boston by tlie British in tlie spring of 1776. The house stands in a, 
large and beautiful lot of gi-ound, a little distance from the street, in the midst of 
tall trees and shrubbery, and though in a style of architecture different from that now 
generally employed, it is still an elegant residence in external appearance, while tha 
rich and costly finish 
of the interior has been 
preserved by its suc- 
cessive owners. The 
present possessor and 
occupant of this noble 
estate is the poet, 
Heniy Wadsworth 
Longfellow, and sure- 
ly there is more than 
poetic fitness in such 
an occupation of a 
house around which 
cling so many histori- 
cal associations. 

Mount Auburn Cem- 
etery is situated partly 
in Cambridge and 
partly in Watertown. 
The land was origi- 
nally purchased and improved by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for an 
experimental gar- .-^ 

den. It subsequently 
passed into the hands 
of the trustees of 
Mount Auburn Cem- 
eterj^ and was con- 
secrated in the year 
1831. It is now one 
of the most extensive 
cities of the dead 
used by the people of 
Boston, being in ex- 
tent about one hun- 
dred and twenty-five 
acres. The surface is 
remarkably diversi- 
fied, giving unusual 
opportunities to the 
landscape - gardener 
to improve the nat- 




t\TRA\ I T MINT AUBURN. 




CHAFEL, MOUNT AUBURN. 



130 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



ural beauty of the scenery. There are several sheets of water, and high hills and 
deep vales in abundance. Trees in great variety have been transplanted into this 
enclosure, adding greatly to its beauty. Upon the summit of the highest hill, 
Mount Aubui-n proper, a stone tower has been erected, from which a very libo view 




HARVARD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, BROOKLINE. 



of all the surrounding country can be obtained. Many elegant and costly mon- 
uments adorn the- grounds in every part. Some of these have been erected and the 
expense defrayed by public subscription, but many more by the surviving friends of 
the thousands who here sleep the last sleep. The granite entrance-gate was designed 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 131 

from an Egyptian model, and was erected at a cost of about ten thousand dollars. 
The very beautiful chapel was built in 1848, at an expense of twenty-five thousand 
dollars. It is used for funeral services at the cemetery. There are around the walls, 
within, several excellent statues and memorials, one of which, a statue of James 
Otis, by Crawford, is particularly to be admired. 

Brookline is one of the most beautiful of the suburban towns surrounding Boston, 
and furnishes a large proportion of the delightful drives in which the city residents 
indulge. It also possesses one of the finest specimens of church architecture in 
Massachusetts, if not in the country. The Harvard Church, of which we give a 
representation, is a beautiful edifice both without and within, the iuterior being very 
highly ornamented, but in a tasteful manner, and furnished with a magnificent organ 
behind the chancel, which adds much to the artistic eff"ect with its decorated pipes, 
which are all exposed to view. This church is somewhat peculiar in being neither a 
"free " church, in the ordinary sense, nor one supported by taxes. A combination 
of both systems is in operation, and works well. The Rev. Reuen Thomas, formerly 
of London, has lately become the pastor of this church. 

It is by no means to be understood that in our glance at the suburbs we have 
exhausted the subject. There are a great many other i^oin-ts that should be visited. 
The magnificent beach in Revere is of itself a sight well worth the time spent in 
driving thither. A short visit should be made to Lynn, the head-quarters of the 
shoe manufacture, and another to the extensive factories of Lowell and Lawrence. 
In the church at Quincy are the tombs of the two President Adams. Newton, Bel- 
mont, and Arlington are most beautiful towns, and in all the environs are charming 
drives through the pleasantest of districts. At "Watertown is the great United 
States Arsenal ; the battle-grounds of Concord and Lexington are within easy reach 
by railroad ; and, in fact, no route can be taken out of the city that does not lead 
to some point where the stranger wUl find much that is both pleasing and inter- 
esting. 



CONTENTS. 



— ♦— 

Paqb 

I. Boston : A Glance at its History 1 

II. The North End 11 

III, The West End 23 

IV. The Central District . 53 

V. The South End 89 

VI. The Harbor 102 

VII. New Boston and the Suburbs 110 



LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS. 



Mr. Blackstone's House .... 
Map of Boston for 1722 
First Church in Boston .... 
Birthplace of Beujamia Franklin 
The Oia State House .... 
OM House in Dock Square . 
View of Dorchester Heights 
Boston and its Suburbs in 1872 . 
Faneuil Hall and Quincy Market . . 
The Massachusetts General Hospital . 
Eastern and Fitchburij; Railroacl Stations 
Boston and Lowell R;iilroad Station . 

Ilayniarket Square 

Copp's Hill Burying-Ground 

American House 

Ilevere House ..... 
Brattle Square Church .... 
Christ Church, Salem Street 
Boston Daily Advertiser .... 
The Andrew Statue .... 

The Frog Pond 

The Old Elm, Boston Common . 

The Brewer Fountain .... 

Beacon Street Mall .... 

The Public Garden from Arlington Street 

Tlie Pond, Public Garden . 

The Bridge, Public Garden 

The Everett Statue .... 

The Washington Statue .... 

Entrance to the Granary Burying-Ground 

The Old Hancock House .... 

Mr Prescott's Residence, Beacon Street 

Commonwealth Avenue .... 

First Church, Berkeley Street 

Arlington Street Church .... 

Somerset Street, with Church 

Park Street Church .... 

Central Church, Berkeley Street. 

New Old South Church .... 

Boston Public Library . 

Boston AthenEeum ..... 

Society of Natural History and Institute 

Technology ...... 

View of Park Street .... 

Chauncy Hall School 
Beacon Street. — The Somerset Club . 
Union Boat-Club, Charles River 
Providence Railroad Station 
Tremont House .... 

View of Franklin Street before the Fire 
View at the head of State Street 
The Spot where the Fire began . 

City Hall 

Custom House ..... 

The New Post-Office 

St. Paul's Church and the U. S. Court House 
Old South Church .... 

Tremont Temple 

The Organ in Music Hall . 

Boston Museum 

Boston Theatre 

The new Globe Theatre . . ' . 

Masonic Temple 

Old Boston Post Building (Water Street) . 
View in Washington Street : Globe Office . 
Washington Street: Transcript Office before 

the Fire 

View in Washington Street : Journal Office 
The Boston Herald 



of 



Mechanics' Building 

Horticultural Hall and Studio Building . 

View in Tremont Street : Mason & Hamlin's 

Jordan, Marsh, & Co.'s Building 

Old Corner Bookstore 

MacuUar, Williams, & Parker's Building 

Mercantile Savings Institution . 

Building of the Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany of New York 

Building of the New England Mutual Life In- 
surance Company . • . 

Brewer Building, occupied by Jones, McDuffee, 
& Stratton 

Washington Building . 

Franklin Building . 

The Parker House 

State Street Block . 

View in Chester Square 

View of Boston from Tremont Street near 
Chester Park 

Girls' High and Normal School 

Washington Street, with Continental Hotel 

Hotel Boylston 

St. James Hotel 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross 

Church of tlie Immaculate Conception 
Boston College 

Methodist Church, Tremont Street . 

City Hospital 

Washington Market .... 

Odd Fellows' Building .... 

Central Club 

Boston and Albany Railroad . 

Old Colony Railroad Station 

View of Hull 

Fort Independence .... 

Fort Winthrop 

Fort Warren, Boston Harbor 

Boston Light ...... 

Bug Light 

Long Island Light 

Nix's Mate 

Point Shirley 

Perkins Institution for the Blind 

Grand Junction Wharves, East Boston . 



and 



First Church in Roxbury , and Norfolk House 113 



Stand-Pipe of Cochituate Water-Works 

AVarren House 

L. Prang & Co.'s Art Publishing House 

Meeting-IIouse Hill 

Savin Hill, from Old Colony Railroad . 
Consumptives' Home, Dorchester . 
Entrance to the Chestnut Hill Reservoir 
The Drive, showing the large Reservoir . 
Gate House, Chestnut Hill . 
The Drive on the Margin of the small Rei 
voir ....... 

.Tamaiea Pond, North View . 

Jamaica Pond, South Side 

Entrance to Forest Hills 

Bunker Hill Monument .... 

The Navy Yard, from East Boston 

Gore Hall, Harvard College 

View of Harvard College : The Quadrangle 

The University Press, Cambridge 

The Washington Elm, Cambridge 

Residence of H. W. Longfellow 

Entrance to Mount Auburn 



99 
100 
101 
103 
104 
104 
105 
106 
106 
107 
107 
108 
111 
112 



114 
114 
115 
115 
116 
117 
117 
118 
119 

119 
120 
121 
122 
123 
124 
125 
126 
127 
128 
128 
129 



Chapel, Mount Auburn 129 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Advertiser, Boston Daily, 20. 
Albany Railroad Station, 100. 
American IIou.se, 17. 
Ancient and Honorable Artillery, 26. 
Andrew, Statue of John A., 24. 
Annexations to Boston, 10, 110. 
Area of Boston, 10. 
Arlington Street Church, 38. 
Athenaeum, Boston, 43. 
Atlantic Avenue, 87. 

Back Bay Improvement, 36. 

Baptist Church, First, 39. 

Beacon Hill, 23. 

Beethoven Hall, 70. 

Beethoven, Statue of, 67. 

Blind Asylum, 110. 

Boat-Club Union, 60. 

Boston Athenaeum, 43. 

Boston and Albany Railroad, 100. 

Boston College, 95. 

Boston, Early History of, 1. 

Boston Light, 105. 

Boston Museum, 68. 

Boston Society of Natural History, 46. 

Boston Theatre, 68. 

Boylston Hotel, 93. 

Brattle Square Church, 19, 43. 

Brewer Fountain, 28. 

Brewer Building, 83. 

Brighton annexed, 10, 110. 

Brookline Reservoir, 119. 

Bug Light, 106. 

Bunker Hill Monument, 122. 

Burying-Grounds. See each Qround. 

Business Quarter, 53. 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 94. 
Census of Boston, 2, 8. 
Central Church, 40. 

" Club, 99. 
Changes of Topography, 3. 
Charitable Mechanics' A.ssociation, 73. 
Charlestown annexed, 10, 110. 
Chauncy Hall School, 48. 
Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 120. 
Christ Church, 20. 
Church, Early Buildings, 4. 
Churches. See each Church. 
City Government inaugurated, 8. 

" Hall, 67. 

" Hospital, 96. 
Club-Houses See each Club. 
Cochituate Water-Works, 28, 113, 117. 
Codfish, 24. 
Columbus Avenue, 91. 
Commerce of Boston, 3. 
Commercial Street, 11. 



Common, History of, 25. 

" Boundaries of, 27. 
Commonwealth Avenue, 37. 

" Hotel, 94. 

Consumptives' Home, 116. 
Continental Hotel, 93. 
Copp's Hill Buryiog-Ground, 16. 
Cornhill,ll. 

Court House, United States, 62. 
Custom House, 59. 

Daily Advertiser, 20. 
Dorchester annexed, 110. 

" Heights, 6, 7. 

" Neck, 10. 

East Boston, 10, 110. 

Eastern Railroad , 14. 

Eliot Square, 113. 

Everett, Edward, Statue of, 32. 

Faneuil Hall, History of, 11. 

" " Market, 12. 

Fire, Great, of November, 1872, 55. 
First Baptist Church, 39. 

" Church, 4, 38. 
Fitchhurg Railroad, 14. 
Flats, Reclamation of, 3. 
Forest Hills Cemetery, 121. 
Fort Hill, 55. 
" Independence, 103. 
" Warren, 104. 
" Winthrop, 104. 
Fountain, Brewer, 28. 
Franklin, Benjamin, Birthplace Of, 4, 72 
" Building, 84. 
" Statue of, 58. 
" Street, 53. 
French Hotels, 92. 
Frog Pond, 25, 28. 

Garden, Public, 30. 

" " Bridge, 31, 32. 

" " Pond on, 31, 32. 

General Hospital, Massachusetts, 13. 
Girls' High and Normal School, 92. 
Globe, Boston Daily, 72. 

" Theatre, 69. 
Gore Hall, 125. 

Granary Burying-Ground, 33. 
Grand junction Wharves, 111, 112. 
Great Fire, 55. 

Hall, Beethoven, 70. 
" City, 57. 
" Horticultural, 75. 
" Music, 66. 
" Odd FeUows', 97, 98. 



■\ 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



135 



Hamilton, Alexander, Statue of, 37. 

Iliincock House, 35- 

Hancock, Tomb of, 34. 

Harbor, Boston, 1U2. 

Harvard OtiureU, Brookline, 131. 

Harvard College, 4, l:i4. 

Herald, Daily, 75. 

High School, Uirls', 92. 

Holy Cross, Catiiedral of the, 94. 

Horticultural Hill, 75. 

Hospital, City, 93. 

" Massai^husetts General, 13. 
Hotels. See each Hotel. 
Hull, 102. 

Immaculate Conception, Church of, 95. 
Independence, l?ort, 103. 
Institute of Technology, 47. 
Islands in the Harbor, 102, 108. 

Jamaica Pond, 120. 
Jordan, Marsh, & Co., 77. 
Journal, Boston Daily, 74. 

King's Chape!, 64. 

" " Burying-Qround, 65. 

Land, Back Bay, filled, 36. 
Library, I'ublic, 44. 
Lighthouse, Boston, 105. 

" Bug, 10(3. 

" Long Island, 106. 

Longfellow, H. W., House of, 128. 
Long Island Light, lOS. 
Lowell Ilailroad, 15. 

Maine Railroad, 15. 
Malcom, Captain Daniel, 17. 
Mall, Paddock's, .34. 
Malls on the Common, 29. 
Mann, Horace, Statue of, 24. 
Marine Hospital, 124. 
Market, Faneuil Hall, 12. 
" Washington, 97. 
Mason & Hamlin Organs, 77. 
Masonic Temple, 70. 
Massachusetts General Hospital, 13. 
Massacre, Boston, 5. 

" Graves of Victims, 34. 
Mather, Tomb of, 17. 
Mayor, First, 8 
McLean Asylum, 13. 
Meeting-Honse Hill, 115. 
Men in the Kebellion, 8. 
Minot's Ledge, 109. 
Monument, Bunker Hill, 122. 

" Ether, 32. 

" Soldiers', 29. 

Mount Auburn Cemetery, 129. 
Museum, Boston, 68. 
Museum of Fine Arts, 43. 
Music Hall, 66. 

Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York 
Building, 81. 

Nahant, 108. 

Natural History, Boston Society of, 46. 

Navy Yard, Charlestown, 123. 

Neal, Daniel, Account of Boston, 3. 

New England Mutual Life Inauianco Company 

Building, 81. 
News Letter, Boston, 4. 
Nix's Mate, 107. 



Noddle's Island, 10. 
North End, 11. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, 97, 98. 

Office, Post, New, 69, 60, 61. 

Old Colony and Newport Uailroad, 100, 101. 

'• Corner Bookstore, 78. 

" Elm, 27. 

" South Church, 43, 63. 

" Stiite House, 5. 
Organ in Music Hall, 67. 
Osgood, J. K., & Co., 78, 85. 

Paddock's Mall, 34. 

Paddy, William, Epitaph on, 65. 

Park Street Chundi, 40. 

Parker House, 85, 86. 

Perkins Institution for the Blind, 110. 

Point Shirley, 108. 

Pond in Public Garden, 31, 32. 

Population of Boston, 2, 8. 

Portraits in Faneuil Hall, 12. 

Post, Boston Daily, 72 

" Office, New, 69, 60, 6L 
Prang's Building, 114. 
Printing Office, Band, Avery, & Co., 84. 

" " University, 127, 128. 

Property owned in Boston, 8. 
Providence Kailroad, 61. 
Public Garden, 30 
" Library, 44. 
Putnam, Dr. George, Church, 113. 

Quincy Market, 12. 

Railroads. See each Railroad. 
Rand, Avery, & Co., 84. 
Rebellion, IJoston in the, 7. 
Reclamation of Flats, 3 
Reservoir, Brookline, 119. 

" Chestnut Hill, 120. 

Revere, Paul, 18. 

" House, 18. 
Revolution, 5. 
Hope walks, 30. 
Roxbury annexed, 10, 110. 

St. .Tames Hotel, 93. 
St. Paul's Church, 63. 
Savin Hill, 116- 
School, Girls' High, 92. 
School, Chauncy Hall, 48. 
ScoUay Square, 21. 
Se.ars Building, 79. 
Shawmut, 1. 
Soldiers' Monument, 29. 
Somerset Club, 49. 

" Street Baptist Church, 39. 
South Boston annexed, 10. 
Spy, Massachusetts, 5. 
Stamp Act, 5. 
Stand-Pipe, 113, 114. 
State House, 24. 

Old, 5. 
State Street Block, 86. 
Statues. See each Statue. 
Studio Building, 76. 

Tea, Destruction of, 5. 
Technology, Institute of, 47. 
Temple, Tremont, 66. 
Theatre, Boston, 68. 
" Globe, 69. 



136 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Theatre, Museum, 68. 
Ticknor House, 35. 
Town Government, 8. 
Transcript, Daily, 73. 
Traveller, Daily, 74. 
Tremout House, 52. 

" Street Methodist Church, 96- 

" Temple, tJG. 
Trimouutaiue, 1. 
Trinity Chureh, 41. 

Union Boat-Club, 50. 

" Club, 49. 
University Press, 127, 128. 

YaluatioQ of Boston, 8. 



Warren, Fort, 104. 

House, 114. 
Washington Elm, 128. 

" Market, 97. 

" Statue, 32, 33. 

" Street extension, 22. 

Water- Works, Cochituate, 28, 113, 117. 
Webster, Daniel, Statue of, 24. 
Welch, Bigelow, & Co., 127, 128. 
West End, 23. 

West Koxbury annexed, 10, 110. 
Wilson, Kev. John, 4. 
Winthrop, Fort, 104. 
" Tomb, 65. 

Witches executed, 26. 






Cambridge : Electrotyped and Printed by Welch, Bigelow, & Co. 



STONINCTON LINE. 



Boston and lyeiv York^ 

AND ALL POINTS SOUTH AND WEST. 

DAIL.Y (Sunday excepted), at 5.30 P. M. 



STEAMERS : 

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L.ancling Place and "Wharf In New Torlt: 

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SHORE LINE. 



Boston and Ngw York^ 

AND ALL POINTS SOUTH AND WEST. 



Two DAILY TRAINS at 11.45 A. M. and 9.30 P. M. 

SUNDAY, at 9.30 P. M. 

Trains leave GRAND CENTRAL DEPOT, New York, for BOSTON, at 1 P. M. 
and 10 P. M. 



WAGNER'S DRAWING-ROOM CARS 

ON DAY TRAINS. 

WAGNER'S SLEEPING-CARS ON NIGHT TRAINS. 



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Central Railroad Line. 



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ALL THE MODERN IMPROVEMENTS ARE IN USE ON 
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Seats or berths in Pullman Cars can be secured by letter or tc]cgra]ih at the 

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Before purchasing tickets, refer to Maps, Advertisements, etc., of this Company, to he 
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GEO. BACHELDER, PAYSON TUCKER, GEO. F. FIELD, 

Sup't E. B. B. Snp't Maine Central R. E. Gen'I Pass. Ag't. 

CHAS. F. HATCH, General Manager. 




M AN SFiiEED^ MAS S . 









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INVENTOR, MANUFACTURER, AND DEALER IN 

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My thorough practical experience in Furnace-making for ncarlj- forty years — in all their various 
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Will soon be out, to which I would ask the attention of all in pursuit of the best Wrought-Iron Fur- 
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CHILSON'S 

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ARI.TNGTON PORTABLE RANGE, which has met with such splendid success for the 
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ARLINGTON IMPROVED, 1S75, and all I ask is, for those in want of Portable 
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CHILSON'S ARLINGTON COOKING STOVE and the ARLINGTON PARLOR 
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CHILSON'S CONE DISK STOVE, for warming Railroad-Cars, Stores, Halls, Factories, 
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Special attention given to putting up Furnaces and Ranges, and the ventilation of buildings in any 
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Nothing but what is strictly first-class work is manufactured by me. 

GARDNER CHILSON. 



EXCLUSIVE DEAIERS FOR EASTERN NEW ENGLAND IN 

H. W. Johns' Patent Asbestos Materials. 



SPARK, CINDER, AND WATER PROOF. 




Mode of applying the Patent Asbestos Roofing:. 



^ r. m o . TESTIMONIALS. ^ ^ ^ „ 

Messrs. Downie, Trainer, & Co., Old Colony Iron Comp.^nt, 

167 Devonshire Street, Boston. E.^ST T.^uston, M.\ss., July 30, 1874. 

Gentlemen, — This certifies tliat the Old Colony Iron Company have used Johns' P.atent Asbfstos 
Roofing on their buildings for the past five years, and it remains gond to this day. From the expe- 
rience already had, should renew our buildings with same article. Our works were frequently on fire 
when covered with shingles, but sparks and cinders have had no effect on the Asbestos Roofing. 

Respectfully yours, Enoch Robinson, Siipt 

Messrs Downie, Tr.\iner, & Co., Easton M.\LLE.\BtE Iron Works, 

167 Devonshire Street, Boston. Easton, Mass , Feb. 13, 1875. 

Dear Sirs, — It is now about four years since I first had H. W. Johns' Patent Asbestos Roofing 
applied to my annealing furnace building. I have ordered it from time to time for other buildings. 
It has in all cases proved highly satisf^ictory , and has stood the test of heat and cold so well that I 
think it better and more easily applied than any that I have ever seen. Very respectfully, 

Daniel Belcher, Proprietor. 

ASBESTOS KOOF COATING, for the ASBESTOS ROOFING, and for restoring and preserv- 
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ASBESTOS FELT, a Fire-proof covering for Steam-Pipes, Locomotive and other Boilers, Lining, 
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ALL OF THESE MATERIALS ARE PREPARED READY FOR USE, and 
can be easily applied by any one. 
(CrSend for Descriptive Painplilet and Price-List. 

DOWNIE, TRAINER, & CO., 
167 Devonshire, and 28 Arch Streets - - BOSTON. 



BOSTON TRAVELLER 

(Daily, Semi-Weekly, and Weekly). 



FIVE EDITIONS EACH DAY. 



THE DAILY EVENING TRAVELLER began its career in April, 1845, and has for many years 
been one of the most widely circulated, successful, enterprising, and influential newspapers published 
in New England. It still continues under the control and management of its original founders, and, 
with increasing resources and facilities, answering, in correspondence with its success, the demands of 
an intelligent public, the management has endeavored to extend the influence and importance of the 
Traveller in a degree commensurate with its growing popularity. That these endeavors have been 
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As a J^emspaper the Traveller has unsurpassed facilities for the collection of fresh and readable 
accounts of all that transpires in this and foreign countries. Its corps of telegraphic correspondents 
and correspondents by letter is unsurpassed for ability and is unusually extensive. . 

Its Correspondents are located in every city and town of importance in Massachusetts, and at the 
most available points throughout all New England, and many other States in the Union have Traveller 
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Its corps of Local Reporters and reporters in the immediate suburbs are able and thoroughly ener- 
getic, covering the field upon which they are employed completely. The news of the city and adjoining 
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that the Traveller ia neYei "behind time" in furnishing careful reports of all local and suburban 
current events. 



The Five-o'clock edition of the Evening Traveller is delivered by carriers in 
Boston and the siihiirbs for 75 CENTS A MONTH. 

Evening Traveller $9.00 per annum. 

Semi-Weekly Traveller . . . 4.00 " 

Weekly Traveller 2.00 " 

LIBERAL REDUCTIONS TO CLUBS. 



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This institution was established about four years ago, its object being to assist work- 
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ment, such as fine Linen, Table Damasks, Napkins, Doyleys, and Tray Cloths, Exposition and 
English Toilet Bedquilts; Domestic Quilts, in every desirable size; Damask and Huck Towels, 
Russia Crash, Scotch Diapers, Tidies, Piano-forte Covers, etc. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF LADIES' FURNISHING GOODS is complete in every ^a-T- 
ticnlar,— probably the finest in Boston. The underwear in this department is all manufactured 
by Cushman & Brooks, and consists of Nightdresses, Chemises, Drawers Walking-Skirts, Train 
and Demi-Train Skirts, Dressing-Sacques, Wedding Outfits of Underwear, Infants' Underclothing, 
Infants' Cloaks, Robes, and all desirable articles in the Lne. 

CORSETS. French, English, and German Corsets. This department also is very extensive. Partic- 
ular attention by competent persons is given to eveiy customer, and entire satisfaction guaran- 
teed. 

EMBROIDERIES. A Stock of over 100,000 yards of the finest quality of Hamburg Edgings and 
Insertion, Flouncings and French Bands, is kept constantly on hand in the retail department, and 
the reputation of the house for elegant styles need not be repeated. No better or finer goods can 
be found in the world. The same with tbe Handkerchiefs, Collars and Cub's, Sets, Sleeves, Lace 
Articles, Neckties, Scarfs, — latest -Novelties constantly being opened. 

THE SPLENDID DEPARTMENT OF SUN-UMBRELLAS, Rain-Umbrellas, Para- 
sols, Sunshades, etc., is almost a perfect store in itself. Any person, no matter what their 
station, can be suited in regard to price or quaUty. The variety from which to select is immense. 



The facilities of the firm are unsurpassed for obtaining Latest Novelties, most 
Fashionable and Seasonable Goods ; their prices INVARIABLY THE LOWEST 
TO BE OBTAINED. 

CUSHMAN & BROOKS' 

Mammoth Dry and Fancy Goods Establishment, 

Nos. 33, 35, 37, & 39 TEMPLE PLAGE, BOSTON. 



RICE, KENDALL, & CO., 



PAPER MERCHANTS, 



DEALSBS IN 



Paper Manufacturers^ Materials, 

FELTS, WIRES, &c., 
91 Federal Street^ > > Bostonn 

NORTH AMERICAN INSURANCE CC. 

BOSTON. 
CASH ASSETS, $312,533.26 



CONTINENTAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF NE^V YORK. 
ORGANIZED 1852. CASH ASSETS, . . . $2,606,235.97 



HOWARD INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF NE\V YORK. 
ORGANIZED 1825. CASH ASSETS, . . . $775,211.69 



Represented in Boston and vicinity by the NORTH AMERICAN. 

RISKS TAKEN, LOSSES ADJUSTED, AND PAID AT THEIR 

Office, No. 1 Old State House, . . Boston. 

E. E. PATRIDGE, Sec'y. ALBERT BOWKER, Pres't. 



ROBERT & GEORGE B.BRI1 

SUCCESSORS TO 

GEORGE R. BRINE & CO.. 
The Crreat Clothiers^ 

355 WASHINGTON STREET 305 

Old nuinber, 201. 



THREE DEPARTMENTS: 

Fine Ready-Made Clothing. 

Gents' Furnishing Goods. 
Garments made to Order. 



MANUFACTURERS OF THE CELEBRATED 

giliMore: shirts. 



DR. HIGHOLiS^ 



WROEIT-IRON FURNACE. 

The invention of Dr. James R. Nichols, Editor of Boston 
Journal of Chemistry. 

ELEVEN SIZES. 



Parties contemplating a change in their heating appa- 
ratus should obtain our Descriptive Pamphlet, which con. 
tains valuable information upon the subject of heating. 

THE NICHOLS FURNACE, 

being constructed of ^vrought-iron, so as to be practically 
of one piece, obviates the serious objections which have 
existed against all other furnaces, viz. the leakage of poi- 
sonous gas and troublesome dust. 



Lie BOSQUET BROS.^ 

Manufacturers, - - - Haverhill, Mass.. 

AND 

No. 14 Bedford Street, Boston. 



STRANGERS AND CITIZENS ARE CORDIALLY INYITED 

TO VISIT THE STORE OF 

BRADFORD $c ANTHONY 

374 WASHINGTON ST. (opposite Bromfield St.), BOSTON, 

IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 

CUTLERY, HSHING-TACKLE, 

SKATES, AND FANCY HARDWARE. 

Throughout this establishment, from basement to roof, are to be seen many 

NOVEL AND USEFUL ARTICLES. 

TABL.E CUTIiERY — of latest styles — finest finish and serviceable quality. 

POCKET-KNIVES — of all the noted makers in every style. — Fancy Knives. 

SCISSORS — elegantly finished — all sizes and fomis — also in Sets and Cases. 

RAZORS — Dressing-Cases — Travelling-Cases — Sportsmen's Knives. 
TDAUCI I CD'C ADTIPI EC —such as Luncheon-Baskets — Flasks — Pocket-Stoves — 
I nHVCLLCn O Hn l lULCO Telescopes — Pocket-Compasses, &c., <fcc. 

FANCY HARDWARE in endless variety,— SMALL STEEL, WARES. 
A TW g^ I" K' ■» <£ will find everything for Fishing, of the most reliable quality, of all kinds and 
•'*■■'■'*"*-•*-' ■•■^ styles. — Rods made of Split liamboo, Greenheart, Lancewood, <tc. — Reels 
of Aluminium, Oreide, Ebonite, &c. — Artificial Flies for all waters, own patterns and dressing. — 
Special Flies made to order. Everytlving that is new and choice in the way of Fishing-Tackle. 
Bradford & Anthony are AGENTS for the United States for the 

PATSNT AGMS SKATSS^ 

the best self-fastening Skates made, and have always a full assortment of the BEST and LATEST 

STYLES OF SKATES in the market. 

a74 WASHINGTON ST., opp. Bromfield St., BOSTON. 



LIVERPOOL & LONDON & GLOBE 
INSURANCE CO.- 

OFFICE, No. 24 EXCHAXOE PLACE, COB. KILBT ST., 
BOSTOlSr. 



TOTAL ASSETS $ 26,740,000 GOLD. 

ASSETS IN THE UNITED STATES 3,771,500 GOLD. 



Shaxeholders personally liable for all engagements of the Company. 



CHARLES E. GUILD, 

MANAGER NE\V ENGLAND DEPARTMENT. 



All Losses paid without any Deduction for Interest. 



After the GREAT FIRE IN BOSTON, Nov. 9, 1872, 
this Company paid all its losses, amounting to $1,400,000, 
IN FULL. 



OLD COLONY RAILROAD AND STEAMBOAT GO. 



Fall River Line 



BKTWEEN 



BOSTOM So NEW^ YORK. 

Steamers Bristol and Providence. 

LEAVE BOSTON: 
4.30 and 5.30 P. M. 




LEAVE NEW YORK: 
5 P. M. (Summer), 4 P. M. (Winter). 

SUNDAY LINE. 
(Summer.) 
tEAVE BOSTON, 6.30 P. M. 
LEAVE NEW YORK, 5 P. M. 



DEPOTS. 

BOSTON, O.C.R.R., 

Corner South and Kneeland Sts. 

NEW YORK, 

Pier 28 North River, 

Foot of Murray St. 

The OLD COLONY RAILROAD is the Direct and Popular 

Route to the 

BEAUTIFUL SUMMER RESORTS 

OF 

Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, 

Oak Bluffs, Katama, Vineyard Highlands, 
Wood's Hole, Falmouth Heights, Provincetown, 

Plymouth, Duxbury, Marshfield, Nantasket, 

AND 

ALL THE NOTED SEASIDE RESORTS OF CAPE COD 

AND THE SOUTH SHORE OF MASSACHUSETTS. 

J. R. KENDRICK, Sup't. 



ESTABLISHED 1S40. 



Carpenter, Woodward, & Morton, 



MANUFACTUKERS OF 



PAINTS and 

VARNISHES. 



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Office and Salesrooms, 99 MILK STREET, corner Pearl, 



GEO. O. CARPENTER, 
EDWARD T. WOODWARD, 
JOHN D. MORTON. 



BOSTON. 



FACTORY, 

73 to 79 Clinton St. 



Orders and inquiries from Dealers or Consumers will receive careful 
attention, and all goods sold will be found as represented. 












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